DSM5

General personality disorder

An ongoing rigid pattern of thoughts and behaviour that is significantly different from the expectations of the person’s culture, displaying manifestation in two or more of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control.

* The pattern is constant and long-lasting and can be traced back to adolescence and early childhood.
* The pattern leads to distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other areas of life.
* The symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental disorder or due to the effects of a substance or other medical conditions.

Paranoid personality disorder

A universal distrust and suspicion of others to the extent that their motives are seen as malicious, as indicated by at least four of the following:

* Suspicions that others are misusing, hurting, or misleading them.
* Fixation with unjustifiable doubts about the trustworthiness of friends and such life.
* Unwilling to confide in others because of fear that the information will be used
against them.
* Sees hidden threats in non threatening words or events.
* Bears persistent grudges.
* Sees attacks on their character or status that are not apparent to others and is quick to
react angrily.
* Has ongoing suspicions about the faithfulness of their sexual partner or spouse.

→ Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of any other psychotic disorder.

Schizoid personality disorder

A persistent pattern of separation from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in relational situations, as indicated by at least four of the following:

* Does not like or want close relationships
* Prefers solitary activities
* Take little or no pleasure in sexual experiences with another person.
* Takes pleasure in few, if any activities.
* Lacks close friends or confidants other than immediate relatives.
* Indifferent to the praise and criticism of others.
* Displays emotional coldness, detachment, or flat expression.

→ Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of any other psychotic disorder.

Schizotypal personality disorder

A persistent pattern of social and relational shortfalls, evidenced by a lack of ease with, and reduced ability for, close relationships, as well as distortions and peculiarities of behaviour as shown by at least five of the following:

* Beliefs or perceptions which are irrelevant, innocuous, or unrelated.
* Odd beliefs that influence behaviour and are not within subcultural norms.
* Strange perceptions of what is occurring around them.
* Vague or other odd thinking and speech.
* Suspicious or paranoid ideas.
* Inappropriate or constricted emotional expression.
* Odd, eccentric, or strange behaviour and appearance.
* Lacks close friends or confidants other than immediate relatives.
* High levels of social anxiety despite familiarity.

→ The pattern does not occur during the course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder.

Antisocial personality disorder

Pattern of indifference to and violation of the rights of others as shown by at least three of the following since the age of 15 years:

* Lack of conformity to social norms and regularly indulging in unlawful behaviours.
* Lying, pretending to be someone else, or deceiving others for personal gain.
* Failure to plan ahead, or impulsiveness.
* Irritability and aggressiveness leading to physical fights and assaults.
* Reckless indifference to one's own and other’s personal safety.
* Consistent irresponsible behaviour.
* Lack of remorse.
* The person is at least 18 years old.

→ The antisocial behaviour is not associated with symptoms of schizophrenia or mania.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A long-term display of instability of relationships, self-image, and behaviour, as well as high levels of impulsivity beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least five of the following:

* Desperate attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
* A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, fluctuating
between adulation and deprecation.
* Constantly unstable self-image and identity disturbance.
* Potentially self-damaging impulsivity in at least two areas such as sex,
substance abuse, and reckless driving.
* Repeated suicidal behaviour or self-mutilation.
* Emotional instability due to reactivity of mood.
* Unsuitable, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger.
* Stress-related paranoid idealisation or severe dissociative symptoms.

Narcissistic personality disorder

An ongoing pattern of grandiosity, need for adoration and lack of empathy, beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least five of the following:

* Has a highly exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-achievement.
* Preoccupied with illusions of unlimited success, power, beauty, or ideal love.
* Believes that they are special and can be understood only by people of similar
speciality.
* Commands excessive admiration.
* Has unreasonable expectations of favourable treatment.
* Exploits others for personal gain.
* Lacks compassion and cannot identify with the needs and feelings of others.
* Often jealous of others and believes that others are jealous of them.
* Shows conceited, self-important behaviour or attitudes.

Histrionic personality disorder

A continuous pattern of high levels of emotionality and attention-seeking, beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least five of the following:

* Unhappy in situations where they are not the centre of attention.
* Shows high levels of inappropriate sexually suggestive or provocative behaviour in interactions with others.
* Displays rapidly shifting and shallow demonstrations of emotion.
* Frequently uses personal appearance to draw attention to self.
* Has an excessively impressionistic and detail-lacking style of speech.
* Is self-dramatic, over theatrical, and uses exaggerated expressions of emotion.
* Is easily influenced by others.
* Feels that relationships are more intimate than they actually are.

Avoidant personality disorder

A persistent pattern of social resistance, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism, beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least four of the following:

* Avoiding occupational activities that involve high levels of interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism and rejection.
* Unwilling to engage with others unless certain of approval and being liked.
* Shows restraint in intimate relationships for fear of ridicule or shame.
* Fixation with disapproval or rejection in social situations.
* Inhibited in new relationships due to feelings of inadequacy.
* Feels that they are socially incompetent, unappealing or inferior to others.
* Highly reluctant to take part in any new activities because of the potential for
embarrassment.

Dependent personality disorder

An inescapable and extreme need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clingy behaviour and fear of separation, beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least five of the following:

* Cannot make everyday decisions without an unnecessarily high level of advice and reassurance from others.
* Need others to assume the majority of responsibility for the major areas of their life.
* Struggles to express disagreement with someone for fear of loss of support.
* Has difficulty initiating or doing things on their own.
* Feels uncomfortable or afraid when left alone due to a fear of not being able to care
for oneself.
* Urgently seeks to secure another caring and supportive relationship when the previous one ends.
* Is unrealistically obsessed with fears of being left to take care of oneself.

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

An ongoing pattern of concern with orderliness, perfection, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning in early adulthood and indicated by at least four of the following:

* An obsession with details, rules, lists, organisation, or schedule to the exclusion of the main point of the activity.
* Perfectionism that hinders task completion.
* Excessive devotion to work to the prohibition of social and leisure activities.
* Inflexibility about matters of moral, ethics, or values.
* Is unable to dispose of worn out or worthless objects despite them having no
sentimental value.
* Reluctant to delegate to others unless they submit to exactly their way of doing things.
* Hoards money and is reluctant to spend on themselves or others.
* Is rigid and stubborn.

Delirium

* Reduced ability to focus, direct, and sustain attention and awareness, developing over a short period of time (hours to a few days), and fluctuates in severity throughout that time.


* Additional disturbances in cognitive functioning are also observed
* Disturbances are not a result of a preexisting neurological condition and do not occur
during the course of a coma or other reduced level of arousal state.
* There is no evidence that the disturbance is a direct physiological result of another
medical condition, substance use, or withdrawal.

Mild neurocognitive disorder

Limited cognitive deterioration from previous level in at least one of the cognitive domains based on:

* Concern of the patient, informant, or doctor that there has been a limited decline in cognitive function.
* A limited impairment in cognitive performance, preferably as documented by standard testing.
* The cognitive deterioration does not interfere with self-reliance in everyday activities.
* The deficit does not occur in the context of delirium.

→ The deficit is not better accounted for by another mental disorder such as major depressive episode or schizophrenia.

Major neurocognitive disorder

Significant cognitive deterioration from previous level in at least one of the cognitive demains based on:

* Concern of the patient, informant, or doctor that there has been a substantial decline in cognitive function.
* A substantial impairment in cognitive performance, preferably as documented by standard testing.
* The cognitive deterioration interferes with self-reliance in everyday activities.
* The deficit does not occur in the context of delirium.

→ The deficit is not better accounted for by another mental disorder such as major depressive episode or schizophrenia.

Neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection

The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.

* The patient is infected with HIV
* The disorder is not better explained by non-HIV conditions including secondary brain diseases.

→ The disorder is not due to another medical condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease

The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.

* The onset is slow, with rapid progression of the impairment.
* Motor features of prion disease are obvious, such as involuntary muscle twitching or ataxia.

→ The disorder is not due to another medical condition and is not better explined by another mental disorder.

Neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

* The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.


* Traumatic brain injury has occurred with at least one of the following:
* Unconsciousness
* Post-traumatic amnesia
* Disorientation and confusion
* Neurological signs such as neuroimaging demonstrating injury.

→ The disorder occurs immediately after the traumatic brain injury occurs.

Vascular neurocognitive disorder

The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder

* The clinical features suggest vascular aetiology as marked by one of the following:
* Arrival of the cognitive deficit is timely related to at least one cardiovascular event.
* Decline is evident in complex attention and frontal executive functioning.
* There is evidence of cerebrovascular disease to account for the neurocognitive deficits.

→ The symptoms are not better accounted for by another brain disease or disorder.

Neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease

The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder. The onset is slow, with gradual progression of the impairment.

**For major neurocognitive disorder:**

Probable Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if either of the following are present:

* Evidence of the Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation in the family
history of the patient or via genetic testing.
* All three of the following are present:
* Decline in memory and learning and at least one other cognitive ability.
* Steady, gradual decline in cognition.
* No evidence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease.
* Otherwise, possible Alzheimer’s disease should be diagnosed.

**For mild neurocognitive disorder:**

Probable Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if there is evidence of the Alzheimer’s disease generic mutation in the family history of the patient or via genetic testing. Otherwise, possible Alzheimer’s disease should be diagnosed if all three of the following are present:

* Decline in memory and learning and at least one other cognitive ability.
* Steady, gradual decline in cognition.
* No evidence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease.
* The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, or disorder.

Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

* The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.
* The onset is slow, with gradual progression of the impairment.


* Either a behavioural or a language variant is present:
* **Behavioural**:

At least 3 of the following:
* Lack of inhibition
* Sluggishness or lethargy
* Compulsive/ritualistic behaviour
* Inserting inappropriate things into the mouth or diet changes
* Obvious decline in social cognition

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* **Language:**
* Obvious decline in language ability
* Limited learning and memory functions and perceptual motor function
* The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease or disorder, or by the effects of a substance

Neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease

* The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.


* The disturbance occurs during diagnosed Parkinson’s disease.
* The onset is slow, with gradual progression of the impairment.
* The disturbance is not better explained by another medical condition or mental disorder.

Major or mild neurocognitive disorder probably due to Parkinson’s disease should be diagnosed if both of the following are met. Major or mild neurocognitive disorder possibly due to Parkinson’s disease should be diagnosed if one of the following is met:

* No evidence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease.
* The Parkinson’s disease diagnosis predates the neurological disorder.

Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies

* The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.


* The onset is slow, with gradual progression of the impairment.

Probable major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies is diagnosed if the patient has two of the core features or at least one suggestive feature with other feature. Possible major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies is diagnosed if the patient has one of the core features or at least one suggestive feature.

* Core features:
* Varying cognition with obvious changeability in attention and alertness.
* Recurring, detailed hallucinations.
* Features of Parkinsonism prior to the development of cognitive decline.
* Suggestive features:
* Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder.
* Adverse reactions to neuroleptics.
* The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurocognitive disease or disorder, or by the effects of a substance.

Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s disease

* The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.


* The onset is slow, with gradual progression of the impairment.
* The disturbance occurs during diagnosed Huntington’s disease or the risk of Huntington’s disease based on family history or genetic testing.
* The disturbance is not better explained by another medical condition or mental disorder.

Specific Phobia

* Disproportionate and immediate fear relating to a specific object or situation.


* Objects or situations are avoided or are tolerated with intense fear or anxiety.
* Symptoms cannot be explaine by other mental disorders and persists for at least 6
months.
* Phobia causes significant distress and difficulty in performing social or occupational activities.

Social anxiety disorder

* Distinct fear of social interactions, typified by anxiety around receiving negative judgement or of giving offense to others.


* Social interactions are avoided or are experienced with intense fear or anxiety.
* The avoidance, fear, or anxiety often lasts for 6 or more months and cause significant
distress and difficulty in performing social or occupational activities.
* Anxiety cannot be explained by the effects of other mental or medical disorders, drug abuse, or medication.

Panic Attack

A sudden feeling of extreme fear of distress, which can originate from either a calm or an anxious state. Symptoms intensify in a short space of tim e and will include a range of sensations such as:

* Fluctuations in heart rate
* Shortness of breath or chest pain
* Dizziness
* Nausea
* Shaking

The person may fear they are dying or ‘going crazy’.

Panic disorder

Repeated panic attacks followed by at least 1 month of:

* Worrying about future panic attacks and/or the consequences of a panic attack, such
as loss of control/
* Sigificant, non-beneficial modification of behaviour(s) designed to avoid future
attacks, such as avoidance of triggering situations.

Agoraphobia

* Distinct fear of situations where the individual is outside, in a crowd or an open space, or in public spaces such as shops, buses, etc.


* Situations are avoided or are experienced with intense fear that help will be unavailable or that panic or other resultant symptoms will occur.
* The individual experiences fear in at least two different situation types and symptoms of anxiety or avoidance will last for 6 months or more.
* Fear causes difficulty in performing social or occupational activities and cannot be explained by the effects of other mental or medical disorders.

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)

* Disproportionate fear or anxiety relating to areas of activity such as finances, family, health, or work/school life.


* The individual experiences fear relating to at least two different areas of activity and symptoms of severe anxiety or worry will last for 3 months or more and will be present for the majority of the time during this period.
* Feelings of anxiety or worry will be accompanied by symptoms of restlessness, agitation, or muscle tension.
* Anxiety or worry are also associated with behaviours such as frequently seeking reassurance, avoidance of areas of activity that cause anxiety, or excessive procrastination or effort in preparing for activities.
* Symptoms cannot be explained by other mental disorders such as panic disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)

* Presence of obsessions such as repeated and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that the individual tries to ignore or suppress, and/or:


* Presence of compulsions where the individual feels compelled to repeat certain behaviours or mental activities.
* The individuals believes that the behaviours will prevent a catastrophic event but these beliefs have no realistic connections to the imagined event or are markedly excessive.
* Obsessions and compulsions consume at least 1 hour per day and cause difficulty in performing other functions.
* Symptoms cannot be explained by the effects of other mental or medical disorders, drug abuse, or medication.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

* The individual has been exposed to or threatened with death, serious injury, or sexual violation: by direct experience or by witnessing a traumatic event; upon learning about a violent or accidental death of a close friend or family member; or by extreme or repeated exposure to the effects of a traumatic event, such as emergency workers encountering humn remains.


* Intrusive symptoms associated with the traumatic event will be experienced, such as disturbing dreams, or feeling that the event is recurring while awake; uncontrolled memories of the event; extreme physical reactions or mental distress upon being reminded of the trauma.
* Individuals will avoid internal and/or external reminders of the trauma.
* At least two changes to mood or thought processes will occur, such as feelings of disconnection, continual negative emotions and ongoing difficulty in experiencing positive emotions, extreme and disproportionate negative expectations; reduced interest in activities, being unable to remember certain aspects of the traumatic event.
* Changes to reactive behaviour will occur, and individuals will display two or more of the following symptoms: recklessness, aggression, hypervigilance, inability to concentrate, difficulty sleeping, an exaggerated startle response.
* Symptoms began or worsened after the traumatic event(s) and continued for at least 1 month, causing significant difficulty in functioning.
* Symptoms cannot be explained by the effects of other mental or medical disorders, drug abuse, or medication.

Acute Stress Disorder

The individual has been exposed to or threatened with death, serious injury, or sexual violation: by direct experience or by witnessing a traumatic event; upon learning about a violent or accidental death of a close friend or family member; or by extreme or repeated exposure to the effects of a traumatic event. At least nine of the following symptoms will be displayed:

* Recurrent, intrusive, and involuntary memories of the traumatic event.
* Repeated distressing dreams related to the traumatic event or feeling that the event is
recurring while awake.
* Extreme physical reactions or mental distress upon being reminded of the trauma.
* Numbness or detachment from others.
* Changes in the individual’s sense of reality and an altered perspective of oneself or
one’s surroundings.
* Difficulty in remembering aspects of the traumatic events.
* Avoidance of internal and/or external reminders of the trauma.
* Difficulties in sleeping.
* Hypervigilance
* Irritability or aggression.
* Difficulties in concentration.
* Exaggerated startle response.

Symptoms may begin within 3 days to 1 month of the trauma taking place and will persist for at least 3 days or up to 1 month. Symptoms cannot be explained by the effects of other mental or medical disorders, drug abuse, or medication. Symptoms cause difficulties in performing important functions and cause clinically significant distress.

Alcohol use disorder

A pattern of alcohol use causing impairment or distress leading to at least two of the following within a 12-month period:

* Alcohol is taken in greater amounts or for longer than was intended.
* A continuing desire or unsuccessful efforts to control alcohol use.
* A lot of time is spent in acquiring, using and recovering from the effects of alcohol.
* Craving, or a strong desire to use alcohol.
* Alcohol use results in a failure to fulfil major life roles at work, home and so forth.
* Persistent alcohol use despite the effect on interpersonal, recreational, or social
interactions or despite having an ongoing physical or psychological problem that is
likely to have been caused or made worse by alcohol.
* Tolerance symptoms associated with high alcohol use.
* Withdrawal symptoms associated with high alcohol use.

Tobacco use disorder

A pattern of tobacco use causing impairment or distress leading to at least two of the following within a 12-month period:

* Tobacco is taken in greater amounts or for longer than was intended.
* A continuing desire or unsuccessful efforts to control tobacco use.
* A lot of time is spent in acquiring and using tobacco.
* Craving, or a strong desire to use tobacco.
* Tobacco use results in a failure to fulfil major life roles at work, home, etc.
* Persistent tobacco use despite the effect on interpersonal, recreational, or social interactions or despite having an ongoing physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or made worse by tobacco.
* Tolerance symptoms associated with high tobacco use.
* Withdrawal symptoms associated with high tobacco use.

Cannabis use disorder

A pattern of cannabis use causing impairment or distress leading to at least two of the following within a 12-month period:

* Cannabis is taken in grater amounts or for longer than intended.
* A continuing desire or unsuccessful efforts to control cannabis use.
* A lot of time is spent acquiring, using, and recovering from the effects of cannabis.
* Craving or a strong desire to use cannabis.
* Cannabis use results in a failure to fulfil major life roles at work, home, and so on.
* Persistent cannabis use despite the effect on interpersonal, recreational, or social
interactions or despite having an ongoing physical or psychological problem that is
likely to have been caused or made worse by cannabis.
* Tolerance symptoms associated with high cannabis use.
* Withdrawal symptoms associated with high cannabis use.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

An ongoing pattern of inattetion and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with normal functioning or development, as marked by the following:

* Inattention: At least six of the following for at least 6 months.
* Not paying close attention to details or making careless mistakes.
* Difficulty in maintaining attention in activities.
* Does not listen when spoken to directly.
* Ignores instructions.
* Has difficulty organising.
* Dislikes or avoids tasks which require sustained mental effort.
* Loses things needed for tasks.
* Easily distractable.
* Forgetful in daily activities.
* Hyperactivity and impulsivity: At least six of the following for at least 6 months:
* High level of fidgeting.
* Not sitting still or leaving seat when expected to sit.
* Runs or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate.
* Unable to engage in activities quietly.
* Excessive talking.
* Blurts out an answer before the question is finished.
* Has difficulty awaiting their turn.
* Interrupts or intrudes on others frequently.
* Symptoms were present before the age of 12.
* Symptoms are present in at least two settings.
* Symptoms reduce the quality of educational, social, or occupational ability.
* Symptoms do not occur during schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder.

Conduct Disorder

An ongoing pattern of behaviour where the rights of others or social norms are infringed, as shown by at least three of the following over a 12 month period:

* Bullying or threatening others.
* Starting fights
* Using a weapon to do serious physical harm.
* Physical cruelty to others.
* Physical cruelty to animals.
* Mugging or similar crimes.
* Forcing another into sexual activity.
* Fire setting to destroy/seriously damaging property.
* Deliberate destruction of another’s property.
* Breaking into buildings or cars.
* Lies to get goods or favours.
* Shoplifting or similar.
* Stays out at night despite parental intervention, starting from before the age of 13.
* Has run away from home at least two times or once for a long period of time.
* Often misses school, starting from before the age of 13.

The disturbance causes significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

If the patient is 18 years or older, the condition is not better explained by antisocial personality disorder.

Separation Anxiety

Excessive anxiety surrounding seperation from those to whom the individual is attached, as shown by at least 3 of the following:

* Disproportionate distress anticipating or experiencing separation from home or attachment figures.
* Ongoing and unnecessary concern about losing attachment figures or potential harm to them.
* Ongoing and unnecessary concern about an unexpected event which causes separation from attachment figures.
* Ongoing aversion to going out or away from home because of fear of separation.
* Ongoing and unnecessary fear of being left alone or without attachment figure.
* Ongoing aversion to going to sleep alone or sleeping away from home.
* Repeated nightmares around separation.
* Complaints of physical symptoms such as headaches or nausea when separated or anticipating separation from attachment figures.

The anxiety lasts at least 4 weeks in children, and 6 months in adults.

The disturbance causes significant impairment in important areas of functioning.

The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Insomnia

* Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality.
* Report by family, caregiver, parent, or the patient.


* Specific symptoms:
* Difficulty initiating sleep
* Difficulty maintaining sleep
* Early-morning awakening
* In children, bedtime resistance or struggles.
* Distress or impairment
* Fatigue or low energy
* Cognitive impairment
* Mood disturbance
* Impaired occupational or academic functioning.
* Impaired interpersonal/social functioning.
* Behavioural problems
* Negative impact on caregiver or family functioning.
* Frequency is at least 3 nights a week.
* Duration is at least 3 months
* Adequate opportunity for sleep.

Delusional disorder

* One or more delusions lasting at least 1 month
* Apart from the impact of the delusions, normal functioning is not markedly impaired, and behaviour is not bizarre
* Any manic or major depressive episodes which have occurred have been brief in relation to the delusional episode
* The disorder is not directly attributable to the use of a substance or medication and is not better explained by other mental disorders

Brief psychotic disorder

* Presence of at least one of the following
* delusions
* hallucinations
* disorganised speech
* highly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
* The disturbance is between 1 day and 1 month with eventual return to normal behaviour
* The disorder is not directly attributable to the use of a substance or medication and is not better explained by other mental disorders

Schizophrenia

* At least 2 of the following must be present for a significant period of time during a one month period:
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganised speech
* Highly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
* Negative symptoms such as diminished emotional expression
* The ability to function in one or more major areas such as work, self-care or interpersonal relationships is markedly diminished
* Continuous signs of the disturbance last for at least 6 months
* The disorder is not directly attributable to the use of a substance or medication an dis not better explained by other mental disorders

Schizoaffective disorder

* A continuous period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic)
* Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks without the occurrence of a major mood episode
* Symptoms for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the duration of the illness
* The disorder is not directly attributable to the use of a substance or medication and is not better explained by other mental disorders