the discovery of penicillin

The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming.

penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ – a type of antibiotic made from mould – thuốc kháng sinh được làm từ nấm mốc

Fleming recounted that the date of his breakthrough was on the morning of September 28, 1928.

recount /rɪˈkaʊnt/ – to tell someone about something that happened – thuật lại, kể lại

Fleming noticed a petri dish containing Staphylococcus culture that he had mistakenly left open.

culture /ˈkʌltʃər/ – a group of bacteria or cells grown for scientific study – vật mẫu nuôi cấy (sinh học)

The culture had become contaminated by blue-green mould.

contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ – to make something dirty or impure by adding a harmful substance – làm ô nhiễm, làm nhiễm bẩn

There was a halo of inhibited bacterial growth around the mould.

inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ – to slow down or prevent something (like growth or reaction) – ngăn chặn, ức chế, làm chậm lại

The mould was releasing a substance that was repressing the growth of the bacteria.

repress /rɪˈpres/ – to stop something from developing or growing – ức chế, kìm hãm (sinh học, tâm lý)

Fleming coined the term “penicillin” to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the Penicillium mould.

broth culture: môi trường nuôi cấy dạng lỏng

filtrate /ˈfɪltreɪt/ – a liquid that has been passed through a filter – chất được lọc ra, dung dịch lọc

coined

/kɔɪnd/

to invent or create a new word or phrase

đặt ra, tạo ra (một từ hoặc cụm từ mới)