Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems

Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Systems

What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Name the three types of muscle in the body.

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

What is the function of ligaments?

Connect bone to bone and provide joint stability.

What is the function of tendons?

Connect muscle to bone and transmit force to move bones.

What is the function of cartilage?

Protects joints by absorbing shock and reducing friction.

Define the axial skeleton.

The central core of the body, including the skull, spine, and rib cage.

Define the appendicular skeleton.

The limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.

What is the role of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

To transport oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and regulate body temperature.

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

Heart rate increases to meet oxygen demands of the body.

Define stroke volume.

The amount of blood pumped from the heart per beat.

Define cardiac output.

The amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute (SV × HR).

What is vasodilation?

The widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow.

What is vasoconstriction?

The narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow.