Histology
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Last updated 1:04 AM on 2/8/23
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43 Terms
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4 Basic Tissue Types
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
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Epithelium
\-Its job is to cover
\-Skin, Serous Membranes
\-Skin, Serous Membranes
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Epithelia
Layers of cells covering internal and external surfaces
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Glands
Composed of secreting cells derived from epithelia
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Shape of Epithelial Cells
\-Irregular, fitting closely together like puzzle pieces
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Apical (Free) Surface
Exposed to the environment or internal chamber/passageway
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Cilia
Hair-like projection from Apical surfaces that move objects along the surface
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Microvilli
Finger-like projection from Apical surfaces that increase surface area and absorption
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Basement Membranes
Protein fibers that connect epithelium to underlying connective tissue
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Avascular
Epithelial Cells have no blood vessels. They obtain nutrients from deeper tissues through diffusion
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Continual Regeneration of Epithelial Cells
Stem Cells or Germinative Cells found near the Basement Membranes are constantly creating new cells because Epithelial Cells are always being lost from the surface.
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Where Epithelial Cells are Found
\-Inner surfaces of passageways through organs
\-Covering outer surfaces of organs (visceral)
\-Making up glandular tissue
\-Covering outer surfaces of organs (visceral)
\-Making up glandular tissue
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Functions of Epithelial Cells
\-Physical Protection
\-Controls Permeability (Things moving from 1 tissue to another)
\-Provides Sensation
\-Produce Secretions
\-Controls Permeability (Things moving from 1 tissue to another)
\-Provides Sensation
\-Produce Secretions
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Gland Cells
Cells that produce secretions
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Glandular Epithelium
A surface on which most or all cells produce secretions
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Exocrines
Secretions discharged onto the Apical surface of the epithelium
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Endocrines
Secretions released into surrounding tissue (Hormones)
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How Epithelial Tissues are Classified
\-Amount of Layers
\-Cell Shapes
\-Cell Shapes
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Simple Epithelial Tissue
Only 1 layer of cells often in protected areas of the body
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Stratified Epithelial Tissue
Several layers of cells in areas of heavy stress
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Squamous
Thin and flat cell shape with flat nucleus
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Cuboidal
Cube shaped with more rounded nucleus
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Columnar
Rectangular shaped with oval upright nucleus (typically toward the bottom of the cell)
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What to look for to determine cell type
Nucleus
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Location of simple squamous epithelium
\-Lines ventral body cavities
\-Lines heart + blood vessels
\-Lines Alveoli of lungs and kidney tubules
\-Lines heart + blood vessels
\-Lines Alveoli of lungs and kidney tubules
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Function of simple squamous epithelium
\-Reduce Friction (Very Smooth)
\-Control vessel permeability
\-Absorb and Secrete
\-Control vessel permeability
\-Absorb and Secrete
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Location of simple cuboidal epithelium
\-Glands
\-Ducts
\-Portions of Kidney Tubules
\-Thyroid Gland
\-Ducts
\-Portions of Kidney Tubules
\-Thyroid Gland
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Function of simple cuboidal epithelium
\-Limited protection
\-Absorb and Secrete
\-Absorb and Secrete
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Location of simple columnar epithelium
\-Stomach Lining
\-Intestine
\-Gallbladder
\-Uterine tubes
\-Upper respiratory tract
\-Intestine
\-Gallbladder
\-Uterine tubes
\-Upper respiratory tract
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Function of simple columnar epithelium
\-Protection
\-Absorb and Secrete
\-Absorb and Secrete
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Location of stratified squamous epithelium
\-Skin surface
\-mouth lining, throat, esophagus
\-rectum, anus, vagina
\-mouth lining, throat, esophagus
\-rectum, anus, vagina
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Function of stratified squamous epithelium
\-Protection from abraison, pathogens, and chemicals
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Location of stratified cuboidal epithelium
\-Ducts of large glands
\-Rare
\-Rare
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Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium
\-Used in secretion
\-2 layers
\-2 layers
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Location of stratified columnar epithelium
\-Pharynx
\-Epiglottis
\-Anus
\-Urethra
\-Rare
\-Epiglottis
\-Anus
\-Urethra
\-Rare
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Function of stratified columnar epithelium
\-Protection
\-Secretion
\-Secretion
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Location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
\-Nasal cavity
\-trachea
\-bronchi
\-male reproductive tract
\-trachea
\-bronchi
\-male reproductive tract
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Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
\-Trap and move pollutants
\-Filter out debris
\-Secretion
\-Protection
\-Filter out debris
\-Secretion
\-Protection
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Merocrine Glands
Secrete using exocytosis
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Apocrine Glands
lose part of the cell to discharge their secretion
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Holocrine Glands
the entire cell disintegrates to release its secretion
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Location of transitional epithelium
\-Bladder
\-Ureters
\-Ureters
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Function of transitional epithelium
Permits expansion and recoil after stretching
Note 
Flashcards (29)