APP MESH Vocab 2

Modules 42-44

James-Lange theory

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

two-factor theory

Schacter-Singer's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Cannon-Bard theory

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Schacter and Singer

psychologists; stated that cognitive judgments are critical part of emotional experience

polygraph

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes)

galvanic skin response

increase in the skin's electrical conductivity, response that occurs when subjects secrete sweat, way of measuring emotion

catharsis

emotional release; in psychology, the hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

people's tendency to be helpful when they are already in a good mood

subjective well-being

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life; used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life

adaptation-level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our previous experience

relative deprivation

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

spillover effect

arousal from one event can influence response to another

facial feedback hypothesis

the idea that facial expressions trigger the experience of emotion

Paul Ekman

psychologist; stated facial expressions for emotions are universal across cultures

behavior feedback phenomenon

going through motions awakens emotions

Martin Seligman

psychologist; leader on positive psychology

display rules

cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions

Stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

fight or flight response

an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action

Glucocorticoids

category of stress hormones which include cortisol

Cortisol

stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor; serves especially in response to long-lasting stressors

General Adaptation Syndrome

Seyle's concept that the body responds to stress with alarm, resistance and exhaustion

Hans Selye

Psychologist who researched a recurring response to stress that he called the general adaptation syndrome

tend-and-befriend response

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

health psychology

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

psychoneuroimmunology

study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system

Lymphocytes

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system

coronary heart disease

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Type A

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Type B

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

positive psychology

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive