The brain study guide

What part of the brain controls blood pressure

Medulla oblongata

What part of the brain controls Heart rate

Medulla oblongata

What part of the brain controls Body temperature

Hypothalamus

What part of the brain controls Posture?

Cerebellum

What part of the brain controls Ongoing body movements

Basal nuclei of cerebrum

What part of the brain controls Relaying incoming signals to the cerebrum

thalamus

What part of the brain Creates memories

cerebrum

What part of the brain controls Stores and retrieves memories

limbic system/hippocampus

What part of the brain controls Communication with the pituitary

hypothalamus

What part of the brain controls The sleep/wake cycle

pineal gland

What part of the brain controls Your motivation to complete this study guide

limbic system

What part of the brain controls Speech

Broca’s/Wernicke’s

What part of the brain controls Vision

cerebrum/occipital lobe

What part of the brain controls Problem-solving

cerebrum/frontal lobe

What part of the brain controls Hunger “pains”

hypothalamus

What does the Septum pellucidum do

separates L/R lateral Ventricles

What does the corpus collosum do

connects L/RB cerebral hemispheres

What does the vermis do

Separates left and right cerebellur hemispheres

What does the arachnoid granulation do

absorption of CSF

What does the choroid plexus do

production of CSF

What does the amygdala do?

Handle emotions

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

link consequences w/ action & emotion

What does the sensory nerve do?

Senses/incoming

What does the motor nerve do

movement/outgoing

What does the mixed nerve do?

both direction

What is the dura matter

Outermost meninge

What is the durl fold?

In folding on dura on itself

What do the spinal meninges do

Protects cord (dura is a single layer)

What is the cranial meninges?

Protects brain (dura is a double layer)

What is a spinal tap?

CSF is removed from subchorind space around cord

What is a epidural block

anesthetic added to epidural space

What happens if the person has a damaged amygdala?

No emotion

What happens if the person has a damaged Motor speech area?

Cannot speak clearly, but can understand words

What happens if the person has a damaged Interpretation area?

Cannot understand complex commands but can speak clearly

What happens if the person has a damaged cerebellum?

No balance or coordination

What happens if the person has a damaged Basal nuclei in the mesencephalon?

Parkinson’s disease, trouble continuing a motion

What happens if the person has a damaged Olfactory nerve?

Cannot smell

What happens if the person has a damaged Facial nerve causing it to swell?

Bell’s palsy, paralysis on one side of the face usually reverses over time

What happens if the person has a damaged The prefrontal cortex?

No time sequence or consequence for actions

What happens if the person has a damaged Pineal gland?

Odd sleep/ wake cycle aka bad circadian rhythm

What happens if the person has a damaged Corpus collosum?

Servere retardation, little or no communication between the hemispheres

How would decreased diffusion across the arachnoid granulations affect the volume of CSF in the

ventricles?

CSF volume increases, puts pressure on brain – hydrocephalus Results

Many water-soluble molecules that are relatively abundant in the blood occur in small amounts or not at all

in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Why?

BBB only lets lipid-based substances pass though the ependymal layer of cells that envelop the capillaries of the

brain

The medulla oblongata, if damaged can cause death, whereas similar damage in the cerebrum may go

unnoticed. Explain

M.O. controls vitals like, blood pressure, heart , breathing. Lack of control over these processes will kill you.

Infants have little to no control of the movements of the head. One of the consequences of this is that they

are susceptible to shaken-baby syndrome. Forceful shaking can cause brain damage leading to mental

retardation, speech and learning difficulties, paralysis, hearing loss and even death. List the areas of the brain

that might be injured, resulting in each of the symptoms.

MR – cerebrum in general

speech – motor cortex/interpretation areas

learning – amygdala (memory retrieval) or cerebrum ( memory creation)

paralysis – cerebellum/ cerebrum

hearing – mesencephalon (sensory processor)

death – brainstem

What exactly causes the pain when you have a headache? Why are migraine headaches so intense?

Headaches are due to scalp pain referred by neck muscles. Dehydration may also cause a headache.

Migraines are more intense because the scalp releases biochemicals that dilate arteries and irritate blood vessel

linings. Pounding can be “felt” with each heartbeat.

Why are females better at multitasking when compared to males?

Females have a wider corpus callosum, and can coordinate the cerebral hemispheres more efficiently as

compared to males.

At what age does the brain stop growing larger? At what ages does the brain start to shrink in size?

Stops growing around age 3.5 – 4 yrs. Begins to shrink after age 55