Social Movements

Flashcards about social movements to help students study

Collective Behavior

A non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage

Crowd

A fairly large number of people who share close proximity

Casual Crowds

People who share close proximity without really interacting

Conventional Crowds

People who come together for a regularly scheduled event

Expressive Crowds

Crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

Acting Crowds

Crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

Mass

A relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

Public

An unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

Emergent Norm Theory

A perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior

Value-Added Theory

A functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur

Assembling Perspective

A theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action

Reform Movements

Movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

Revolutionary Movements

Movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

Religious/Redemptive Movements

Movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

Alternative Movements

Social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

Resistance Movements

Movements that seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

Preliminary Stage (Social Movements)

People become aware of an issue, and leaders emerge

Coalescence

The point when people join together to publicize the issue and get organized

Institutionalization

Occurs when the movement becomes more organized, such as incorporating, hiring a formal staff, or arranging a hub -and-spoke model of a national org and local chapters

Social Movement Industry

Multiple social movement organizations concerned about the same issue

Social Movement Sector

A society’s many social movement industries

Resource Mobilization Theory

A theory that explains social movements’ success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

Existing Social Movement Sector

Multiple social movement industries in a society with widely varying constituents and goals

Social Movement Industry

The collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals

Diagnostic Framing

A social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner

Prognostic Framing

Social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation

Motivational Framing

A call to action

Frame Alignment Process

Using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement

Modernization

Involves specialization of people’s work and place in society, and is spurred on by enhancements in technology and knowledge