Knowt
APUSH Chapters 2 and 3: The Colonies
Britain wants to get in on the action
Protestant Reformation had prevented Britain from exploring New World they get involved when Queen Elizabeth comes to power, starts exploring North America (Spanish hasn't conquered)
Sir Walter Raleigh tries to est. Roanoke Island; failed British attempt at colonization
Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe, plundering Spanish settlements shows Britain is jealous of Spanish dominance, increases tensions
Leads to Spanish Armada (1588) → British defeat means new naval dominance and the decline of the Spanish empire
primogeniture, the law that only the eldest sons could inherit land, sent younger sons in search of wealth in the New World
Virginia Company was a joint stock company, where investors pooled capital to fund exploration.
VA gets charter from King James I for settlement in N. World
Jamestown est. in 1607
Saved from collapse during the starving time by Captain John Smith.
Conflict with the Native: Anglo-Powhatan Wars
Lord de La Warr attacks the natives, raiding and burning villages → ends in a peace settlement, and Pocahontas marries John Rolfe
Natives tried to dislodge colonists but fail. Banished natives from ancestral land → no hope for peaceful assimilation/coexistence, precursor.to reservation system
Chesapeake + Southern Colonies
John Rolfe creates the tobacco industry in Virginia → cash crop stimulated the economy → push for more land (and people to work it) leads to westward expansion and conflict with settlers
House of Burgesses in VA is the 1st real form of self govt. in the colonies → King James disapproves.
Maryland's Act of Toleration allowed any person who worshipped Jesus to live there, providing shelter to Roman Catholics
Georgia, est. by James Oglethorpe is a buffer colony between Spanish F and French Louisiana, who constantly fought. Also haven for debtors.
Britain expands to the West Indies
hot climate provided perfect conditions for growing sugarcane
African slaves imported to work the land → Barbados slave codes → used to strip away fundamental rights
Codes brought to America would lay the foundation for slavery
Cont.
After internal conflict, British goes on to colonize the Carolinas -South Carolina prospers because of close economic ties with the sugar islands in West Indies
tried to enslave natives
brutal massacre
rice became cash crop
African slaves needed
North Carolina was filled with squatters, poverty-stricken people with differing religious beliefs that didn't fit in the Virginian plantation elite.
Tuscarora War and Yamasee Indians encounter show bad native relations in the South
Takeaways:
plantation elite control colonial politics, wealthy due to cash crop economy based on exporting commercial agricultural products» need to expand westward
some religious tolerance, but Anglican Church was dominant
male dominated, defined hierarchy of status → backcountry farmers vs. plantation elite
labor systems SHIFT from indentured servitude to slavery after Bacon's rebellion
Northern + Middle Colonies
Many of the first settlers went to the South for wealth, while other emigrated North for religious freedom.
Prominent ideas: Calvinism: based on the theological teachings on John Calvin, it believed in predestination: said God determineda person's fate, for better or worse.
Although their fate was irreversible, some Calvinists believed they were destined for salvation and led their lives, literally, with a "holier than thou'attitude.
Conversion: intense religious experience where a person claimed God told them they were destined to salvation.
Puritans: wanted to purify the Anglican Church, believed only those who had converted should be given church membership
Pilgrim/Separatists: wanted to seperate from Church
led to Mayflower Compact: 1st democratic agreement est. basic self govt settle in the MA Bay Colony.
Great Migration: thousands of refugees flee religious persecution in England, want to establish a model Christian society
Massachusetts Bay Colony est, John Winthrop is the 1st governor. Wants "City upon a Hill" holy utopia
RESISTANCE: Anne Hutchinson challenged the Orthodox ideas of predestination banished
Roger Williams wanted separation of church and state denied, created Rhode Island haven for religious dissenters
William Penn creates Pennsylvania, haven for Quakers. Maintained friendly relations with natives and women.
"Holy Experiment" very liberal
Connecticut: Fundamental Orders laid the basis for their state constitution. Pequot War led to the brutal massacre of Pequot Indians shows growing tensions due to English expansion.
King Philip's War: native chief Metacom creates an intertribal alliance to coordinate assaults on New England settlements slowed expansion but ultimately failed.
A Dutch colony, New Amsterdam, was taken over by Britain and became present day New York Britain has complete control over the eastern seaboard, no more foreign 'wedge.
Northern and Middle Colonies developed a mixed, manufacturing economy
New England Confederation: created by northeastern colonies for intercolonial affairs and better defense while England was occupied with its Civil War -first steps at colonial unity
Dominion of New England: run by the British Edmund Andros, made to bolster defense in the event of war and enforce the despised Navigation Laws which restricted colonies trade with countries the British crown → led to smuggling
The Glorious Revolution in England inspired the colonies to Overthrow Edmund Andros → MA becomes a royal colony, but Britain also uses salutary neglect to calm down the colonists.
Takeaways
Puritan religious motives for colonization facilitated by Great Migration (lohn Winthrop's "City Upon a Hill" utopia).
Know New England Confederation vs Dominion of New England (Edmund Andros)
NO RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE; banished Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams for rejecting norms
Mixed economy: some agriculture (no cash crops), trade, shipbuilding aren't reliant solely on agricultural like the South is.
White church going males had the most influence in colonial politics because they were the 'elect' and therefore considered the most capable.
Middle Colonies were more religiously tolerant and remained friendly to natives and women.
APUSH Chapters 2 and 3: The Colonies
Britain wants to get in on the action
Protestant Reformation had prevented Britain from exploring New World they get involved when Queen Elizabeth comes to power, starts exploring North America (Spanish hasn't conquered)
Sir Walter Raleigh tries to est. Roanoke Island; failed British attempt at colonization
Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe, plundering Spanish settlements shows Britain is jealous of Spanish dominance, increases tensions
Leads to Spanish Armada (1588) → British defeat means new naval dominance and the decline of the Spanish empire
primogeniture, the law that only the eldest sons could inherit land, sent younger sons in search of wealth in the New World
Virginia Company was a joint stock company, where investors pooled capital to fund exploration.
VA gets charter from King James I for settlement in N. World
Jamestown est. in 1607
Saved from collapse during the starving time by Captain John Smith.
Conflict with the Native: Anglo-Powhatan Wars
Lord de La Warr attacks the natives, raiding and burning villages → ends in a peace settlement, and Pocahontas marries John Rolfe
Natives tried to dislodge colonists but fail. Banished natives from ancestral land → no hope for peaceful assimilation/coexistence, precursor.to reservation system
Chesapeake + Southern Colonies
John Rolfe creates the tobacco industry in Virginia → cash crop stimulated the economy → push for more land (and people to work it) leads to westward expansion and conflict with settlers
House of Burgesses in VA is the 1st real form of self govt. in the colonies → King James disapproves.
Maryland's Act of Toleration allowed any person who worshipped Jesus to live there, providing shelter to Roman Catholics
Georgia, est. by James Oglethorpe is a buffer colony between Spanish F and French Louisiana, who constantly fought. Also haven for debtors.
Britain expands to the West Indies
hot climate provided perfect conditions for growing sugarcane
African slaves imported to work the land → Barbados slave codes → used to strip away fundamental rights
Codes brought to America would lay the foundation for slavery
Cont.
After internal conflict, British goes on to colonize the Carolinas -South Carolina prospers because of close economic ties with the sugar islands in West Indies
tried to enslave natives
brutal massacre
rice became cash crop
African slaves needed
North Carolina was filled with squatters, poverty-stricken people with differing religious beliefs that didn't fit in the Virginian plantation elite.
Tuscarora War and Yamasee Indians encounter show bad native relations in the South
Takeaways:
plantation elite control colonial politics, wealthy due to cash crop economy based on exporting commercial agricultural products» need to expand westward
some religious tolerance, but Anglican Church was dominant
male dominated, defined hierarchy of status → backcountry farmers vs. plantation elite
labor systems SHIFT from indentured servitude to slavery after Bacon's rebellion
Northern + Middle Colonies
Many of the first settlers went to the South for wealth, while other emigrated North for religious freedom.
Prominent ideas: Calvinism: based on the theological teachings on John Calvin, it believed in predestination: said God determineda person's fate, for better or worse.
Although their fate was irreversible, some Calvinists believed they were destined for salvation and led their lives, literally, with a "holier than thou'attitude.
Conversion: intense religious experience where a person claimed God told them they were destined to salvation.
Puritans: wanted to purify the Anglican Church, believed only those who had converted should be given church membership
Pilgrim/Separatists: wanted to seperate from Church
led to Mayflower Compact: 1st democratic agreement est. basic self govt settle in the MA Bay Colony.
Great Migration: thousands of refugees flee religious persecution in England, want to establish a model Christian society
Massachusetts Bay Colony est, John Winthrop is the 1st governor. Wants "City upon a Hill" holy utopia
RESISTANCE: Anne Hutchinson challenged the Orthodox ideas of predestination banished
Roger Williams wanted separation of church and state denied, created Rhode Island haven for religious dissenters
William Penn creates Pennsylvania, haven for Quakers. Maintained friendly relations with natives and women.
"Holy Experiment" very liberal
Connecticut: Fundamental Orders laid the basis for their state constitution. Pequot War led to the brutal massacre of Pequot Indians shows growing tensions due to English expansion.
King Philip's War: native chief Metacom creates an intertribal alliance to coordinate assaults on New England settlements slowed expansion but ultimately failed.
A Dutch colony, New Amsterdam, was taken over by Britain and became present day New York Britain has complete control over the eastern seaboard, no more foreign 'wedge.
Northern and Middle Colonies developed a mixed, manufacturing economy
New England Confederation: created by northeastern colonies for intercolonial affairs and better defense while England was occupied with its Civil War -first steps at colonial unity
Dominion of New England: run by the British Edmund Andros, made to bolster defense in the event of war and enforce the despised Navigation Laws which restricted colonies trade with countries the British crown → led to smuggling
The Glorious Revolution in England inspired the colonies to Overthrow Edmund Andros → MA becomes a royal colony, but Britain also uses salutary neglect to calm down the colonists.
Takeaways
Puritan religious motives for colonization facilitated by Great Migration (lohn Winthrop's "City Upon a Hill" utopia).
Know New England Confederation vs Dominion of New England (Edmund Andros)
NO RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE; banished Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams for rejecting norms
Mixed economy: some agriculture (no cash crops), trade, shipbuilding aren't reliant solely on agricultural like the South is.
White church going males had the most influence in colonial politics because they were the 'elect' and therefore considered the most capable.
Middle Colonies were more religiously tolerant and remained friendly to natives and women.
