C-BIO 11-13

Exam

Which one of the type of organisms most closely resembles the first cells on earth?
A. Bacteria
B. Algae
C. Fungi
D. Plant cells
E. Animal cells

A. Bacteria

What is the order of processes that support the central dogma?
A. DNA replication, translation, protein synthesis
B. DNA replication, transcription, translation
C. Transcription, DNA replication, translation
D. DNA replication, translation, transcription

B. DNA replication, transcription, translation

Which of the following are covalent bonds?
A. Peptide bonds
B. Glycosidic bonds
C. Phosphodiester bonds
D. All of these choices are correct

D. All of these choices are correct

The phylogenetic tree below represents a phylogeny of different species of butterflies. What is represented by the circled area on the phylogeny?
A. The most recent speciation event
B. The most ancient speciation event
C. Present-day species
D. A common ancestor
E. Time

D. A common ancestor

When carrying out a controlled experiment, it is important to:
A. Change the multiple variables at once to see the full effect of the variables
B. Subject different groups to different conditions
C. Change only one variable at a time
D. All of these choices are correct

C. Change only one variable at a time

When we say that the cell is the fundamental unit of like, we mean that:
A. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
B. The smallest entity that can be considered living is a cell
C. A single cell can carry out all life processes
D. Life doesn't exist in the absence of cells
E. All of the answer options are correct

E. All of the answer options are correct

Which one of the following types of fatty acids would be likely to participate in the highest number of van der Waals forces with other fatty acids? Fatty acids with:
A. Long tails and low saturation
B. Long tails and high saturation
C. Short tails and low saturation
D. Short tails and high saturation

B. Long tails and high saturation

A mutation in\_____ results in a change in\_____that sometimes produces a(n)\______with altered structure and function.
A.RNA; DNA; Protein
B. DNA; RNA; Protein
C. Protein; DNA; RNA
D. Protein; RNA; DNA
E. RNA; protein; DNA

B. DNA; RNA; protein

Which one of the steps would occur last as part of the scientific inquiry?
A. Prediction
B. Hypothesis
C. Experimentation
D. Observation
E. None of the above is correct

C. Experimentation

Variation among individuals in a species is usually caused by:
A. Environmental variation
B. Genetic variation
C. Infectious variation
D. Both environmental and genetic variation
E. Environmental, genetic, and infectious variation

D. Both environmental and genetic variation

Which one of the following is a pyrimidine found in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Guanine
C. Uracil
D. Thymine
E. None of the other answer options is correct

D. Thymine

Let's say you feel very strongly that cigarette smoke does not increase the probability of getting cancer, and you base your view on something you read on the Internet. This is a good example of a(n):
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Theory
D. Experiment
E. None of the other answer options is correct

E. None of the other answer options is correct

A hypothesis is considered a theory when:
A. The results of a single experiment support the hypothesis
B. The hypothesis has been revised many times
C. The results of several experiments do not support the hypothesis
D. The results of several experiments support the hypothesis

D. The results of several experiments support the hypothesis

Miller and Urey's initial stimulation resulted in the formation of which one of the following?
A. DNA
B. Glucose
C. RNA
D. Phospholipids
E. Amino acids

E. Amino acids

In eukaryotes, activator proteins bind to \_____; generalized transcription factors bind to \_____.
A. Promoters; terminators
B. DNA polymerases; RNA polymerases
C. Promoters; enhancers
D. Terminators; RNA polymerase
E. Enhancers; promoters

E. Enhancers; promoters

The most common isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and atomic mass of 16. How many electrons are present in the orbitals around an atom of oxygen?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 10

D. 8

Transcription of RNA from DNA in eukaryotes requires:
A. Transcription factors
B. Activator proteins
C. A promoter sequence
D. RNA polymerase
E. All of these choices are correct

E. All of these choices are correct

What differentiates isotopes of the same element?
A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons
D. Charge

B. Neutrons

A water molecule contains what type of bond?
A. Hydrogen
B. Ionic
C. Polar covalent
D. van der Waals interactions

C. Polar covalent

Which one of the following statements about RNA is correct?
A. RNA is more stable than DNA
B. RNA has the same 5-carbon sugar as DNA
3. RNA uses the same pyrimidine bases as DNA
4. RNA uses the same purine bases as DNA
5. All of these choices are correct

D. RNA uses the same purine bases as DNA

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because:
A. They wind around one another
B. Each purine of one strand pairs with a pyrimidine of another
C. They form an uneven pair of grooves on the outside of molecule
D. One strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'

D. One strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'

In which of the following domains do the cells store their genetic information in a nucleus?
A. Eukarya and Archaea
B. Eukarya
C. Archaea and Bacteria
D. Archaea
E. Bacteria and Eukarya

B. Eukarya

Which choice ranks the elements carbon, sodium, calcium, and iodine in order of decreasing number of valence electrons?
A. I-C-Ca-Na
B. I-Ca-Na-C
C. C-Na-Ca-I
D. C-Ca-Na-I

A. I-C-Ca-Na

Transcription continues until:
A. All bases in the DNA are copied
B. A stop codon is encountered
C. A terminator sequence is encountered
D. A ribosome pulls RNA polymerase off the DNA
E. A transcription factor signals the end of the gene

C. A terminator sequence is encountered

Which base in double-stranded DNA does M pair with?
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Cytosine
D. Guanine

D. Guanine

\______ is not a domain of life.
A. Protists
B. Eukarya
C. Archaea
D. Bacteria
E. Protists,Eukarya,Archaea and Bacteria are all domains of life

A. Protists

Imagine you were there when Stanley Miller performed his experiment to reproduce the building blocks of life. If Miller originally identified 3 different amino acids, how many polypeptides that are 10 amino acids long could be made from just these 3 amino acids?
A. 3^10\=59,049
B. 10^3\=1000
C. 3*10\=30
D. The answer cannot be determined from the information provided

A. 3^10\=59,049

What is the chemical basis for water's role as the universal solvent?
A.Because water is polar, it disrupts most covalent bonds
B. Because water is polar, it disrupts hydrogen bonds
C. Because water is polar, it disrupts ionic bonds
D. Because water is polar, it disrupts both covalent and hydrogen bonds
E. Because water is polar, it disrupts both hydrogen and ionic bonds

E. Because water is polar, it disrupts both hydrogen and ionic bonds

Which gas was not a component of the stimulated atmosphere in the Miller-Urey experiment?
A. Ammonia
B. Water vapor
C. Hydrogen
D. Methane
E. Oxygen

E. Oxygen

Which one of the following is characteristic of all living organisms and all nonliving material?
A. The capacity to evolve
B. The ability to reproduce
C. Complexity, with spatial organization of several levels
D. The ability to change in response to the environment
E. Subject to the basic laws of chemistry and physics

E. Subject to the basic laws of chemistry and physics

What are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the bacterial DNA?
A. 16% thymine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine
B. 34% uracil, 16% guanine, 16% cytosine
C. 34% thymine, 34% guanine, 16% cytosine
D. 34% thymine, 16% guanine, 34% cytosine
E. None of the other answer options is correct

A. 16% thymine, 34% guanine, 34% cytosine

Which of the following is an example of the first law of thermodynamics in action?
A. As monomers combine into polymers, the disorder inside the cell decreases
B. Light energy is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis
C. Energy is created by cells during ATP synthesis
D. Some energy is released as heat during metabolic processes

B. Light energy is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis

Helicase is an enzyme that separates the double helix of the DNA into two separate strands. How do you think helicase does this?
A. By breaking hydrogen bonds
B. By breaking phosphodiester bonds
C. By breaking peptide bonds
D. By breaking ionic bonds

A. By breaking hydrogen bonds

A phosphodiester bond is formed between:
A. A fatty acid and a glycerol molecule
B. Two amino acids
C. A base and a sugar
D. A 3' phosphate and a 5' hydroxyl group
E. A 5' phosphate and a 3' hydroxyl group

E. A 5' phosphate and a 3' hydroxyl group

The discovery that DNA from killed virulent bacteria can transform live harmless bacteria into virulent form means that DNA:
A. Is double-stranded
B. Is transcribed into RNA
C. Codes for proteins
D. Contains information that controls an organism's traits

D. Contains information that controls an organism's traits

Which of the following correctly reflects the process of science?
A. Observation\---hypothesis formulation\---question\---experiment\---prediction
B. Observation\---question\---hypothesis formulation\---experiment\---support or refute hypothesis
C. Observation\---question\---hypothesis formulation\---experiment\---prove or disprove hypothesis
D. Observation\---question\---experiment\---hypothesis formulation\---prove or disprove hypothesis
E. Observation\---question\---experiment\---hypothesis formulation\---support or refute hypothesis

B. Observation\---question\---hypothesis formulation\---experiment\---support or refute hypothesis

In eukaryotes, among the possible errors listed, which would make an mRNA less stable?
A. Either 5' cap was not added or the poly(A) tail was not formed
B. The 5' cap was not added
C. The poly(A) tail was not formed
D. None of the other answers options are correct

A. Either the 5' cap was not added or the poly(A) tail was not formed

In prokaryotes, newly synthesized proteins are found in \_____________ and DNA are observed in \___________.
A. The cytoplasm; the nucleus
B. The nucleus; the cytoplasm
C. The nucleus; the nucleus also
D. The cytoplasm; the cytoplasm also
E. The nucleus; the nucleus also and the cytoplasm

D. The cytoplasm; the cytoplasm also

Which of the following correctly describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in both DNA and RNA?
A. Adenine pairs with thymine in both DNA ad RNA
B. Adenine pairs with uracil in DNA and with thymine in RNA
C. Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RAN
D. Adenine pairs cytosine in DNA and with guanine in RNA
E. Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA and with cytosine in RNA

C. Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA

Which of the following is true of DNA?
A. Successive nucleotides in a strand are connected by hydrogen bonds.
B. A phosphate group in a nucleotide is attached to the 3' carbon in ribose
C. A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine
D. The percentage of the purine A always equals the percentage of the purine G
E. It is used by ribosomes for translation

C. A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine

Of the following types of bonds between atoms, which is the strongest?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. van der Waals forces

C. Covalent bond

A template DNA strand contains the sequence 5'-CAGTCGTA-3'. The corresponding sequence in the RNA transcript is:
A. 5'-TACGACTG-3'
B. 5'-GTCAGCAT-3'
C. 5'-UACGACUG-3'
D. 5'-GUCAGCAU-3'

C. 5'-UACGACUG-3'

Where is the highest-energy electron found in an atom of hydrogen?
A. In the spherical orbital closet to the nucleus
B. In the second spherical orbital, a little farther from the nucleus
C. In the dumbbell-shaped orbital of the y-axis
D. In the dumbbell-shaped orbital of the x-axis
E. In the dumbbell-shaped orbital of the z axis

A. In the spherical orbital closet to the nucleus

How might this trait have arisen in the individual?
A. There were more predators in the surrounding area, so the butterfly needed the trait in order to escape predation
B. There were more predators in the surrounding area, so the butterflies allowed themselves to be caught to save faster butterflies in the population.
C. There was a random mutation in a gene that led to differences in the ability to escape predation
D. There was a mutation in a gene that led to differences iin the ability to attract mates.

C. There was a random mutation in a gene that led to differences in the ability to escape predation

In DNA strand, successive nucleotides are linked by:
A. Hydrogen bonds
B. Base stacking
C. 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds
D. 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds
E. Peptide bonds

C. 3'-5' phosphodiester

Which one of the following represents an actual DNA base pair with the largest number of hydrogen bonds?
A. Adenine and cytosol
B. Cytosine and guanine
C. Thymine and guanine
D. Cytosol and thymine
E. Adenine and thymine

B. Cytosol and guanine

Why aren't nucleosides incorporated into DNA?

A. The bases are not fully assembled.
B. The sugar is not in the right form.
C. There are no phosphates to make the phosphodiester bonds.
D. The peptide bonds don't form.

C. There are no phosphates to make phosphodiester bonds.

RNA polymerase complex can do which of the following?
A. Allow RNA-DNA hybrids to form
B. Release a finished RNA transcript from a DNA template
C. Separate DNA strands
D. Restore the original DNA strands
E. All of these choices are correct

E. All of these choices are correct

In double-stranded DNA, the sugar-phosphate backbones are:
A. On the outside, separated by grooves of equal size
B. On the outside, separated by grooves of unequal size
C. On the inside, separated by grooves of equal size
D. On the inside, separated y grooves of unequal size

B. On the outside, separated by grooves of unequal size

In transcription, the energy to attach each successive ribonucleotide to the growing RNA chain comes from:
A. The RNA polymerase itself
B. Cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the incoming nucleotide
C. Cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the growing transcript
D. Cleavage of the 3' hydroxyl group on the ribose of the incoming nucleotide

B. Cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the incoming nucleotide