British Literature Unit 3 Notes

to favor the rule of reason and knowledge in all areas of life

Rationalism

a time when it was thought that society had emerged from centuries of superstition and crudity into the light of reason

The Enlightenment

disagreed with Charles I on the issues of Catholicism and the divine right of kings

Parliament

typically conservative aristocrats and rural folk

Cavaliers

generally supported by Puritans, Dissenters, and urban folk 

Roundheads

was executed by Parliament

Charles I

a Puritan, was second in command of the army after Charles I was executed by Parliament

ruled during the Interregnum; he headed the executive council and then became the Lord Protector

Oliver Cromwell

• the years between the reigns of Charles I and Charles II in which the Commonwealth and Protectorate rules (1649-1660)

• The two parts of the Interregnum were the Commonwealth (1649-1653) and the Protectorate (1654-1660) 

The interregnum

After Cromwell died, the monarchy was restored with?

Charles II

upheld religious conformity, removing nearly two thousand Puritans from their congregations.

Test Acts

opposed James II

Whigs

supported James II.

Tories

William and Mary’s ascension to the throne is considered what because it was bloodless and peaceful?

Glorious Revolution

kept the monarchy from exercising arbitrary power

Bill of Rights

The two major segments of society

agricultural and commercial professionals

consisted of the landed (noblemen and gentry) and the landless (tenant farmers and agricultural laborers)

The agriculture

consisted of the merchants, government officers, businessmen, petty wage earners, and servants.

The commercial-professional

The sections of Parliament were?

House of Lords and the House of Commons

a time of growth in England’s scientific progress and prosperity

Industrial Revolution

taught that God created the world but left it to run by logic and reason. This movement led to the pervading philosophy of rationalism.

Deism

brought religion to the lower classes, teaching empathy and compassion. His movement of religion greatly encouraged the abolition of slavery

Methodism

was based on models from classical Greece and Rome.

Neoclassicism

The era of literature where many poets looked to Roman writers for inspiration

Augustan

two rhymed lines written in iambic pentameter

heroic couplet

centered primarily on the royal court before the war

 literature

reflecting different religious, political, and social views. 

diversity

wrote poetry with grace and beauty fitting court poetry; included themes of Carpe diem, love, and honor

Cavalier Poets

supported the king in the conflict with the Puritans and Parliament

Robert Herrick and Richard Lovelace

was the first English poet to carefully organize and compile nearly all of his poetry into a single volume

Herrick

the correspondence of sound

Rhyme

alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and trimeter

Ballad meter

the repetition of initial consonant sounds