Lect 18 - introduction to mendelian genetics

Flashcards covering key concepts from an introduction to Mendelian Genetics lecture.

What is a simple cross in Mendelian Genetics?

A cross involving parental (P) plants with true-breeding seeds.

What are F1 plants?

Filial generation; seeds resulting from a cross between P plants.

In Mendel's experiment with smooth and wrinkled seeds, what was the phenotype of the F1 generation?

All smooth seeds.

What does it mean for a trait to be dominant, as seen in Mendel's experiments?

The trait that appears in the F1 generation when crossing true-breeding parents with different traits.

Define monohybrid cross.

A cross in which only one trait or characteristic is tracked.

What was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of Mendel's monohybrid cross?

3 dominant:1 recessive.

What is a gene locus?

The specific position on a chromosome where a gene for a particular trait resides.

Describe a test cross and its purpose.

Crossing an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype to determine the genotype of the unknown individual based on the offspring's phenotypes.

State Mendel's 1st Law (Law of Segregation).

Genes segregate at meiosis, so each gamete contains only one allele of each gene possessed by the parent.

State Mendel's 2nd Law (Law of Independent Assortment).

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

When does independent assortment occur during meiosis?

During metaphase I, when paired homologues line up in one of two ways.