Lab Practical 1

Abdominal Cavity

Liver, stomach

Thoracic Cavity

lungs, heart

Cranial Cavity

brain

vertebral cavity

spinal cord

Corona/frontal plane

Sagittal/Median plane

Transverse plane

Right Upper Abdominal Quadrant

Liver, gallbladder

Left Upper Abdominal Quadrant

Spleen, Pancreas

Right Lower Abdominal Quadrant

Appendix, small intestine

Left Lower Abdominal quadrant

large intestine, small intestine

Neutral Ph

7

Acidic Ph

Below 7

Basic Ph

Above 7

Neutralizing vs Buffering

Neutralizing is a chemical reaction that combines an acid and base to create a neutral salt and water. Buffering uses a weak acid and its conjugate base to resist drastic changes when small amounts of acid or base are added, maintaining a stable range rather than making it neutral.

Hypothalamus

Infundibulum

Pituitary gland

Pineal Gland

Parathyroid gland

Thymus gland

Adrenal/suprarenal glands

Adrenal/suprarenal cortex

Adrenal/suprarenal medulla

Pancreas

Ovaries Hormones

estrogen, progesterone

Testes Hormones

Testosterone

Pancreas and Pancreatic Islets hormones

Insulin and Glucagon

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex

cortisol, aldosterone

Thymus gland hormones

thymosin, thymopoetin

Parathyroid glands hormones

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Thyroid Gland Hormones

T3, T4, and Calcitonin

Pineal gland Hormones

Melatonin

Posterior pituitary hormones

Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

anterior pituitary hormones

Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Prolactin (PRL).

Hypothalamus hormones

all “releasing” hormones

Insulin

Released by beta cells, lowers blood sugar by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose

Glucagon

Released by alpha cells. Increases blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release glucose in the blood.

transport of hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

Hormones (oxytocin and ADH/vasopressin) are synthesized in the hypothalamic nuclei, packed into secretory vesicles, and transported via axonal transport down the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract through the infundibulum. These hormones are stored in axon terminals called Herring bodies in the posterior pituitary until neural signals trigger their release into the bloodstream.

transport of hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system, a specialized network of blood vessels.

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Erythrocytes

Basophils

Eosinophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Visceral Pericardium (epicardium)

Myocardium

Endocardium

Left Auricle

Ligamentum arteriosum

Right auricle

Aortic (semilunar) Valve

Bicuspid (mitral valve or left atrioventricular) Valve

Interventricular Septum

Papillary Muscles

Pulmonary (semilunar) Valve

Tricuspid (Right AV) Valve

Anterior Interventricular Artery (branch)

Circumflex artery (branch)

Great Cardiac Vein

Left Coronary Artery

Right coronary artery

Marginal branches

Coronary sinus

Posterior interventricular branch/artery

Brachiocephalic trunk (artery)

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Left pulmonary artery

left pulmonary veins

right pulmonary veins

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Left bundle brances

right bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

S1 “Lub”

Closure of both AV Valves

S2 “Dub”

Closure of both semilunar valves

S1 “Lub” Auscultation Location

The apex of the heart, specifically at the left 5th intercostal space

S2 “Dub” Auscultation Location

The base of the heart, specifically the second intercostal space at the right upper sternal border

Right common carotid artery

Left common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Right subclavian artery

Left subclavian artery

Left subclavian vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

Celiac trunk

left common iliac artery

Left common iliac vein

Left external iliac artery

Left external iliac vein

common hepatic artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

Superior mesenteric artery

Right renal artery

right renal vein