Studied by 30 people
based on HASS success criteria made by Ms Galavan (person who wrote the test)
Monarchy
A system of government in which one person reigns, usually a king or queen.
Representative Democracy
A representative democracy is where the people vote for an elected representative to create laws and policies on the people's behalf.
Communism
A system of government where the country is ruled by the government. The idea is that goods and services will be shared evenly among the people.
Democratic Value: Respect
Respect for individuals and their right to make their own choices.
Democratic Value: Equity
valuing all people and supporting them to reach their full potential.
Democratic Value: Tolerance
Tolerance of differences and opposing ideas.
Democratic Value: Freedom
Each person has freedom of speech, association, movement and freedom of belief.
Democratic Value: Justice
treating everyone fairly, in society and in court
Federation
A federation is a group of societies or other organisations which have joined together, usually because they share a common interest.
eg. Australia united to form the Commonwealth of Australia
Constitution
Lays down the structure of the judicial, executive and legislative arms of government. It also outlines the powers and duties of each of these respective arms and clearly portrays the relationship between the Commonwealth and the States of Australia.
Separation of powers (theory and practice)- checks and balances, limiting power, preventing abuse of power, extent of SOP
Limit and prevent the abuse of power by separating the functions of government to check and balance power.
L to E: Question time, approve government budget = responsible government
E to L: needs royal assent for law (GG)
E to J: appoint judges
J to E: rule if government action is unlawful
J to L: check that laws are constitutional
L to J: can remove judge (must be proven misconduct)
Function of legislative branch
House of Representatives, Senate, GG, legislating (making laws)
Function of executive branch
how government is formed, GG, PM, Cabinet, public service, administration of law
Function of judicial branch
High courts etc; enforce law (punish law breakers)
Division of powers- law making power of 3 levels of government, conflict
refers to the three levels of government; federal, state, local; and the different responsibilities of each.
Federal government powers: taxation, postal, communication, immigration, foreign policy, education(university), health (Medicare)
State government powers: taxation (different with each state), education, health(hospitals), roads
Local government powers: taxation, local roads, building by-law, animal licences, rubbish collection, pools
federal law overrides the state law
President Xi Jinping. What is he?
Xi Jinping. Also the general secretary, head of communist party, the military, and he is the president
Executive branch (of China). Who leads it?
State Council
Premier, administering laws
35 members – 25 of which are ministers (the heads of various government departments)
Meets every 6 months.
All State Councillors are also high-ranking CCP members.
Legislative branch (of China). Who leads it?
National People's congress
2980 members
largest parliament in the world
meets for two weeks every year.
They can amend constitution, make laws (that have been made by the CP first), Elect/appoint President of the PRC and Premier of State Council
Judicial branch (of China). Who leads it?
Supreme People's court
According to the Constitution it is independent, however in practice there is significant influence of the CCP over the judiciary.
There is a hierarchy with four levels of courts which enforce civil and criminal law
There are also a range of specialist courts
Appeals are allowed
The ‘rule of law’ is not upheld, for example, There is no right to silence at trial, Unlawfully obtained evidence may be used against a defendant, Conviction rates of 99.9%, Capital punishment is used
Role of Chinese Communist Party- how the CCP influence all branches of government, SOP in China?
No separation of powers
Comparing branches of Australian and Chinese government
Legislative v legislative
>aus- makes law, 76 (senate) + 151 (HOR) members, GG
>china- 2980 members, amends constitution, 5yr term, makes laws
Executive v executive
>aus- administers laws, GG, PM, ministers
>china- main admin body, 35 members (also China Communist Party members)
Judicial v judicial
>aus- interprets law, high courts, supreme courts, etc..
>china- hierarchy (4 levels of court), no rule of law, specialist courts
Methods Chinese government use to maintain control
Censorship/ regulation of – Gaming time, Effeminate male role models, celebrity culture – talent shows, foreign mentors, tech companies required to support Chinese socialist values, private tutoring.
‘Re-education camps’ huge facilities
Social credit system + surveillance
Social Credit System
Every person everywhere – facial recognition, body scanning, geo tracking, personal data, online actions, financial actions, medical records, shopping, mortgage, dating/married life – combined into a score about how good a citizen you are.
Max score is 800 – live tracking.
Info + AI = score
The model citizens benefit - safe and stable, no deposit for facilities
if you get on the govt bad side, blacklisted/ censored – pretty much house arrest and no way to appeal – can’t travel, no social media.
Current federal government issue
eg. stage 3 tax cuts
(Paragraph answer on this in test. Analyse, not just explain what is happening.)
Example Paragraph:
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's strategic announcement of changes to Stage 3 tax cuts at the National Press Club turns a potential political backflip into a judo move against the Opposition. The Labor Party's modifications, delivering an extra $84 billion to low- and middle-income earners, not only benefit a majority of taxpayers and support the economy but also strategically flip the narrative on the Coalition. What was initially a political trap for Labor is now a wedge for the Coalition, presenting them with a dilemma on whether to support or oppose the revised tax cuts. The move reflects a more nuanced and thoughtful policy approach and sets the stage for a potentially more mature and genuine democratic conversation about the country's direction.
things you can talk about in your own:
The revised tax cuts benefit 85% of taxpayers
mainly benefits middle-income taxpayers
bad for coalition (government has earned most of the people's vote/respect + Many of his voters are in a tax bracket that is profiting off the change)
Note 
Flashcard (63)