Bio Test #3

circulatory system

Transports gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones, and immune system cells throughout the body

respiratory system

Provides a site for gas exchange between the external environment and an organism's circulatory system

digestive system

Disassembles and absorbs food so the body can acquire the nutrients it needs to function

Immune and Lymphatic system

attacks pathogens that threaten the body and plays a supporting role in circulation by recycling fluid from the circulatory system

endocrine system

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones that travel through vessels in the circulatory system to reach target cells

(M) reproductive system

Produces sperm and delivers them to the female reproductive system, where fertilization may occur

(F) reproductive parts

Produces eggs and provides an environment that can nurture a developing embryo and fetus if fertilization occurs

nervous system

Acts as the control center of the body and interprets, stores, and transmits information, using electrical impulses and signals

Urinary/Excretory System

Purifies the blood by filtering out wastes and transports wastes out of the body

integumentary system

Provides protection by forming s barrier between the inside and outside of an organism and can aid in the secretion and transport of molecules

skeletal system

Supports and protects the body and internal organs, manufactures blood cells, and provides a surface for muscle attachment, creating a foundation for movement

Muscular system

Generates force through contraction which enables movement of the body and blood, food and other substances throughout the body

Homeostasis EX

- Eat when hungry
- Sweat when hot
- Shiver when cold
- Breathe slower when resting
- etc

negative feedback

feedback in opposite phase with the input

positive feedback

feedback in phase with the input

Anatomy is

Physiology is

Structure

Function

Most abundant protein in body

coligen

Most abundant protein in blood

albumin

respiratory system fucntions

Transport
Temperature regulation
Protection

Blood Structure

55% Plasma
- 90% salty water

45% Packed Cells
- 95% red blood cells

Heart MurMur

When blood leaks through tricuspid and bicuspid

Respiratory/
Pulmonary System

Diffusion high to low

Hemoglobin

has 4 seats for o2

1 red blood cell has 1 million hemoglobin or 4million o2

Hemoglobin binds o2

in lungs
high pressure

Hemoglobin releases o2

in active muscle
low pressure

How cells communicate

Cytokines

How cells recognize each other

MHC or Major Histocompatibility Complex

B Cells

Humoral Immunity
dont attack
from bone marrow
mature in bone marrow

T cells

Cell-meditated immunity
attack
from bone marrow
mature in thymus

antigen

any substance that stimulates an immune response in the body

Antibodies

Proteins that recognize certain antigens, enhance the non-specific system's ability to recognize and destroy those antigens

Y shaped

produced by B cells

2 Types of T cells

Cytotoxic: Kill infected cells

Helper: Stimulate other cells to make B cells and antibodies and cytotoxic cells

HIV Phases

Acute

Chronic