respiratory system

respiratory system

also called the pulmonary system, consists of several organs that function as a whole to oxygenate the body through the process of breathing

ventilation and respiration

breathing includes these

ventilation

exchange air between the outer environment and the lungs

respiration

exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the outer environment and tissue and cells of the body

respiratory system

may also be called the respiratory tract and it can be divided into two major parts the upper and lower depending on their position in the body

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx

upper respiratory tract consists of:

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

lower respiratory tract consists of:

superior, middle and inferior conchae

conchae consists of:

meatus

These are the spaces below each conchae

superior, middle, inferior meatus

meatus includes:

inferior meatus

this is an opening of nasolacrimal duct

paranasal sinus

these drain to the middle meatus

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary sinuses

these are the paranasal sinuses:

sphenoid sinus

drains to sphenoethmoid recess above superior concha

nasopharynx

superior to soft palate but posterior to nasal cavity

1 pharyngeal tonsil and 2 tubal tonsils

the nasopharynx consists of this:

oropharynx

this is from the soft palate to the epiglottis, posterior to the entrance of the larynx

laryngopharynx

inferior to epiglottis, posterior to entrance of the larynx

larynx

this is the voice box

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage

these are the cartilages of the larynx

thyroid cartilage

this is the adams apple

cricoid cartilage

this is the signet ring cartilage

epiglottis

this is the leaf shaped fibrocartilage and closes the larynx during swallowing

arytenoid cartilage

this a pyramid-shaped, anchors the vocal chords

corniculate cartilage

this is small and horn-like, part of larynx

glottis

this is the passageway into the trachea

vocal cords

inside the glottis inferiorly; where initial sound is produced

rima glottis

this is the opening between vocal folds

trachea

this is the wind pipe; c-shaped with open posterior end

tracheal rings

made up of hyaline cartilage, part of the trachea

lungs

this is made up of 2 left lobes and 3 right lobes

visceral and parietal

these are the 2 pleural membranes of the lungs

pleural cavity

this is the space containing a small volume of serous fluid for lubrication and surface tension

primary, secondary or lobar, tertiary bronchi

types of bronchi

bronchioles

these have no cartilage, and consist of terminal and respiratory bronchioles

alveoli

functional unit of lungs lined by simple epithelium with air sacs where gas exchange occurs, lined with capillaries