Studied by 5 people
number of electrons in outer shell
What is related to the group number?
amount of shells in element
What is related to the period number?
Alkali metals
What does group 1 consist of?
very reactive
bond by loosig 1 electron to become +1 ions
Reactivity of group 1 metals?
soft
light
Properties of group 1 metals?
Ionisation Energy
IE stands for
decreases down the group
as there are more shells, theres a greater distance between nucleus and electrons, leads to a weaker attraction
IE of group 1 metals, reasoning?
increases down the group (more shells)
Atomic Radius of group 1
½ distance between two nucleai
how is atomic radius mesured?
decreases down the group, bonding becoes weaker down the group
melting point in group 1 metals?
charge = +1
when group 1 metal becomes an ion it looses 1 electron which is in its outer shell, therefore loosing the whole shell, this leads to a stronger pull by the nucleus that has more protons than electrons in shells (pulls them in closer)
Why is there a large difference between the ionic radius and atomic radius of group 1 metals?
½ distance between two nucleais of two IONS
How to mesure ionic radius
endothermic
larger distance from nucelus, weaker attraction/pull
Electron Affinity of group 1 metals?
energy involved in making 1 mol of gaseous anions from 1 mol of gaseous atoms
Define Electron Affinity (EA)
attraction of nucelus to the pair of electrons forming a covalent bond
define electron negativity
shiny but turns dark when oxidized
soft
Description of Lithium (Li)
Fizzes and floats (less dense than water)
produces hydrogen gas
turns litmus paper blue - water’s gone alkaline
How does Li react with water?
sodt silvery-white metal
Description of Sodium (Na)
Fizzes
Dissapears
turns sphirical (ball)
heat released from reaction melts sodium
Reaction of Na and water
the heat lights up the sodium as the paper prevents it from moving around the water, casuing so much friction and heat to focus on one spot, setting sodium on fire
Reaction of Na and water WITH filter paper
soft
white-silvery
Description of Pottasium (K)
bursts into flame
lilac flame
releases large amounts of heat
releases hydroxide and hydrogen
Reaction of K and water
Hallogens
F, Cl. Br, I
What does group 17 consist of?
reactivity decreases going down the group
Top of group more reactive than bottom
Form negative ions!!
(opposite of group 1)
gain electron (-1) ion
HIGHLY REACTIVE
Reactivity of group 17
small atom=small distance to travel=lower energy needed=high released energy
when solid turns into gas (no liquid stage)
Define sublimation
green gas (sublimation)
Chlorine (Cl) at room temperature
red liquid (one of 2 liquid elements)
volatile liquid (easily turns into gas)
Bromine (Br) at room temperature
grey solid
solid but sublimes easily into gas
Iodine (I) at room temperature
gets darker
WHat is the colour change as you go down the group 17?
they’re non-polar
Why are hallogens more soulable in hexene than water?
whoops
Reactions
Higher than Atomic Radius as theres more electrons than protons
attraction spreads out across more electrons making the pull weaker so the radius expands
(loop on cows becomes too loose)
Ionic Radius vs Atomic Radius in group 17
diatomic molecules (covalent, exist as a pair)
intermolecular forces increase DOWN the group
(when a gas = force weaker)
london forces increase down the group
Group 17 Melting point
decreases down the period
Atomic radius in Period 3
increases across group
Electronegativity in period 3
not enough substance
substance isn’t soulable in water
What could cause a false neutral pH result?
yellow flame
white smoke
blue → alkaline
produces 2NaOH
Na reaction with oxygen(and water) +pH indicator
bright pale yellow flame
white smoke
red → acidic
Red P reaction with oxygen (and water) +pH indicator
amphoteric oxide
white glow
litmus → green
(should be alkaline but it isn’t soulable in water)
Al reaction with oxygen (and water) + pH indicator
no reaction
can’t dissolve should be acidic
was neutral
Si reaction with oxyfen (and water) + pH indicator
sparkiling
purple → alkaline
Cl reaction with water and oxygen
produces magnesium hydroxide
weak bluesh
slightly soulable
alkaline
reaction of Mg with oxygen (and water)
Note
Flashcard