latin city of rome

How many vultures did Romulus see?

12

Which hill did Romulus go bird-watching?

Palatine

Why did Romulus kill Remus?

He was angry because Remus jumped over his wall

Four factors why Rome was a good site for a city

• hills provided protection

• fertile area, grassy land

• river provides water, travel, protection

• crossing point of the river (good for trade)

Why does Cicero like the positioning of Rome

• river is good for import / export

• walls are on steep hills

• citadel is on cliffs, easy to defend

• lots of springs

• hills provide fresh air and shade

Name 5 types of buildings built by Augustus

• temples (lots….)

• senate house

• theatre of Pompey, theatre of Marcellus

• aqueducts

• Forum of Caesar, Forum of Augustus

• basilica

• restored bridges and roads

Give three reasons why the Great Fire spread quickly (64AD)

• wind fanned flames

• shops with flammable goods

• no houses/temples with stone walls

• winding streets and passages

What evidence is given by Tacitus that the fire was deliberate?

• some made threats to prevent the fire being extinguished

• some openly threw firebrands to set fires

• some shouted that they had authority

How did the Romans react during the fire?

• panic

• despair

• confusion (lots of questions)

• crowding in the streets

• uncertainty about what to do / where to go

• trying to escape sometimes led to death

What did Nero do during the Great Fire?

Played his lyre / sang 'the Capture of Troy'

Who did Nero blame for the Fire?

Christians

Describe the Subura

• densely populated

• narrow streets

• apartment blocks / insulae

• noisy, dirty, crowded

• slum area

Name two poets who write about the Subura?

Martial and Juvenal

Name two dangers of the Subura, according to Juvenal.

Fire, collapsing buildings, poets reciting during August!

Name two emperors who had their palaces on the Palatine

Augustus, Domitian

Name buildings on the Palatine (excluding palaces)

hut of Romulus, Lupercal cave, Temple of Apollo (with Sibylline books)

In what way was Augustus' palace impressive?

Trick question - it was remarkable neither for its size nor its elegance!

Domitian's palace was impressive - what 3 areas did it have?

public (domus Flavia), private (domus Augustana), garden/stadium

Describe three impressive things about the 'stadium' in Domitian's palace.

• columns covered in coloured marble

• sculpture

• fountains

What was the most important building on the Capitoline hill?

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

What was the main purpose of Ostia?

Import / export port city for Rome

Why did Rome need a port at the mouth of the Tiber?

Large ships were used to trade across Mediterranean. Smaller ships were used to bring goods along Tiber. A port was needed to transfer between these ships.

Warehousing / storage also important.

Name 5 key features of Ostia

• harbour basin dug out and connected to river

• lighthouse

• warehouses

• square of the corporations

• macellum / market

Name three risks of living in Rome (for poorer people)

• fire

• building collapse

• flooding

Did richer people live at the bottom or top of apartment blocks?

bottom

Who built the Domus Aurea?

Nero

Describe three features of the Domus Aurea.

• A lake surrounded by meadows and vineyards

• a revolving dining room

• buildings decorated with gold leaf, mother of pearl

• Colossus statue of Nero nearby

Who was the goddess of the corn supply?

Annona

What was the Cura Annonae?

The corn dole for the poorest in Rome (corn or bread)

When did the cura Annonae start?

Around 123BC

How many citizens received corn dole from Augustus?

around 200,000

Which goddess is Annona often shown with?

Ceres, goddess of the harvest

Name four sources of water in Rome

• springs

• wells

• the Tiber

• aqueducts

How did the rich travel in Rome?

in a litter

What architectural feature was an important feature of aqueducts and amphitheatres?

arches

What was so great about an arch?

Efficient use of materials

Strength of structure

Attractive

Who were the Haterii?

Builders

What event does the arch of TItus celebrate?

capture of Jerusalem

What is shown on the reliefs on the arch of TItus?

spoils being taken from Jerusalem

Titus in victory and being deified

How long was the Aqua Claudia?

69km

How long was the Aqua Marcia?

91km

Where did the aqueducts bring water from?

Nearby mountains - the Anio and Apennines

When was the Cloaca Maxima built?

around 600BC

How did the Cloaca Maxima change over time?

It was roofed over, then covered and built on.

What benefits did the Cloaca Maxima bring?

• drainage of local marshes

• more land for building on

• remove waste

How do we know that the Romans thought the Cloaca Maxima was important?

There was a shrine of Venus Cloacina in the forum.

Reasons for building the Pantheon?

• to gain divine favour

• to show off wealth and power

Who built the first Pantheon?

Marcus Agrippa

Who built the second Pantheon?

Hadrian

What is unusual about the Pantheon?

Round shape, huge domed ceiling - the largest of its type

How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?

over 150,000

What sports took place in the Circus Maximus?

• chariot racing