Speech Disorders midterm

what is dysfluency

a breakdown in the flow of speech

what is fluent speech

smooth, effortless, rythmic

do all people stutter

yes some of the time

is stuttering the same for all stutterers

no they each have their own pattern

what is the ratio of girl to boy stuttering

1:6

what type of people always stutter?

people with down syndrome

is there a cure for stuttering

no

is stuttering genetic

no but there is a familial tendency

what can cause an adult to stutter

1- if it layed doormant from when you were a kid it could come back

2- if you go through a trauma

is talking on the phone easier or harder for a stutterer

harder because they dont get feedback so they think its bad feedback

how did technology help stutterers

they could text, so they don't have to talk as much

what are the causes of a stutter

1) unknown

2) psychological

does stuttering start small or bad

starts small and gets worse

what is the theory of capacity of demands

when the demands for speech exceed the child's capabilities to speak

what is a filler

you know, um

what is whole word repetition

what time time time

part-word repetitions

"What t-t-t-time is it?"

prolongation

I sssssee you- stretching out the sound instead of repeating s, s, s,

insertion of schwa

adding an uh sounds

instaed of dad its du-ad

instaed of blue its buh-loo

whats block

when words dont come out

order from best to worst of sutters

filler, whole word repetition, part word repetition, prolongation, instertion of schwa, block

how does it help to recognize your pattern as a stutterer

you can know when youll stutter so youll skip the word

what is a secondary characterisitic

if you once didn't stutter while you were doing an action, then you repeat that action every time you say that word even though it didn't prevent you from stuttering any other time

how to evalutate a stutterer

ideally you should do it without them realizing they have a stutter

put them in 3 situations with 3 dif people and video them

how to do indirect therapy

you make surroundings more comfortable for them

whats direct therapy for stuttering

add the H sounds before

say hard sounds softly

give techniques to avoid situations

propose vocab thats easier for them

what is auditory feedback loop

its when you can hear yourself speak so you fix the way you sound if its off, but when people who are deaf can't hear themselves so they stutterau

how does the ear work

sounds waves travel through th eair, they are collected by the pinna, go through the ear canal

hit the tempranic membrane which vibrates and sends the sound to the 3 osciles, which vibrate and push sound into cochlea, then the cilia vibrations turn the soundwaves into electrical impulses, which travel along the 8th nerve to the brain and the brain interprets the sound

how to treat someone born without a pinna

when they are an adult you can insert a pinna with surgery

what is atresia

closure of the ear canal

how to treat atresia

if its skin blocking the ear canal, cut it

if its bone cut it with surgery

what is an impacted ceruman

when the ear wax didn't regenerate properly so it blocks the eardrum

hearing is muffled

how to fix impacted cerumen

dr removes it

what is otosclerosis

hardening of the 3 osicles

happens in old age

what are tumors in the ear

growths that make the 3 osicles no vibrate, when removed can ruin hearing

what is presbycosis

when cilia die out, old age

waht is oceopation HC

ocucupational hearing loss due to job

ex; construction worker

what are cochlear implants

Medical devices implanted in the ear that are wired to the nerves collecting soundwaves and turning them into electrical impulses

how does the Cohclear implant surgery work

they cut into the skull and put electrodes into the cochlea, connected to the 8th nerve and a magnet connected on the outside, then they sounds in to measure brain waves to see if it workds

who are cochlear implants best for

kids who get implants very young

or people who became deaf later in life

how does an audiologist test a baby's hearing

with a probe

what is normal hearing

hearing sounds from 0-15 decibles

what is damaged hearing

35-50 decibels

How is pitch measured?

in hertz H2

what is the peak age for hearing

18

what do you need for a cochlear implant to work

a working 8th nerve

how does audiologist test adult's hearing

with an audiogram- they play sounds with different pitches and see which ones they could hear

how does an audiologist test a child's hearing

place them in a sound proof room and play sounds with different pitches and see if they react

where is sensory neural hearing loss

inner ear

where is conductive ear loss

middle or outer ear

what does a heraing aid do

amplifies the noise- makes it louder

What is otitis media?

ear infection

what causes vertigo and minieres disease

when the eustachian tube is not in the right position

what position is adult's eustachian tube in

vertical

what position is child's eustachian tube in

horizontal

what causes an ear infection

because baby's eustachian tube is not vertical, bacteria can get stuck in it, causing the walls to swell ad pushing flyid into the middle ear

what happens if you dont treat an ear infection

they walls continue to sweel push the fluids whcih can rupture the tympanic membrane- then you mustt get antibiotics

what is a tube

it drains the fluid in the ear to prevent ear infections

what is air conduction

hearing sounds through the air

what is bone conduction

the bones in your body send vibratios

why do you sound different in a voice note

its just air conduction, you don't feel your bones moving

what is CAPD

central processsing disorder

not a hearing loss, but cant process sound in the brain

how to treat CAPD

you start with 2 pieces of reltaed info, and then keep adding

-teach to repeat information back

-make eye contact

-clear articulation