Ganda as an understanding of moral goodness

Ganda

Understanding of moral goodness encompassing purity of intention (mabuti), appropriateness of action (maayos), and sincerity of intention and action (totoo).

1. Mabuti

2. Maayos

3. Totoo / Walang daya

What are three Ethical Concepts of Ganda

Mabuti

Purity of intention; the desire for what is good.

Maayos

Appropriateness of action; the inclination for order and avoidance of chaos.

Totoo

Sincerity and consistency of intention and action; truthfulness.

eminently relational concept

Kagandahang loób is an __________. It is activates in our relationships with others (kapwa).

arises from the personal initiative

Kagandahang loób is authentic if it __________ of one acting. It is streams from within (bukal sa loób) and not forced (pilit). Hence, it is a voluntary act (kusa) and not manipulated (minanipula).

directed towards the well-being or welfare of the other

Kagandahang loób is __________. It is others-centered and works for common good (para sa kapakanan o ikalalago ng kapwa).

1. not self-seeking

2. does not look for a “return of the favor”

Kagandahang loób is __________ and __________. It is selfless (mapagbigay) and free from greed (kasakiman).It is focused on what welfare it can offer for others and not from what it can gain from them.

tends to an “excessive” manifestation of goodness and generosity

Kagandahang loób __________. It is does not stop working for the welfare of others. Whether being recognized or not it continue to pursue common good because it is genuine (dalisay).

discerned and proven through experiences over a period of time

Kagandahang loób is __________. It is a gradual process of self-purification which is tested and strengthened by time.

Kagandahang loob

Winsome goodness characterized by selflessness and genuine concern for others.

Pagsasaloob sa kagandahang-loób

Embracing moral goodness and faithfulness to one's intentions and actions.

“ang pagsasaloób ay katapatan sa katotohanan na tumatalab at umaabot ang tindi sa iba.”

Quote by Alejo (1990)

pagsasaloób

A faithful acting which involves the totality of a person

Pagsasaloób sa kagandahang loób

Implies that there is maganda (gracious goodness) in everyone (Gen. 1:27). We just need to look within; have a thorough knowledge (kaalaman) and understanding (pang-unawa) of the loób (self).

Loób

Refers to a person’s holistic and relational will that encompasses conscious awareness, feelings, and strength.

Pangangatawan

Embodiment; the tangible representation or expression of something invisible.

1. Abot-malay (ambit of conscoiusness) (Lawak)

2. Abot-dama (ambit of feelings) (Lalim)

3. Abot-kaya (ambit of strength) (Laman)

Structure of the loób according to Alejo

Abot-malay (ambit of conscoiusness) (Lawak)

• It is the extent of person’s consciousness (kamalayan) which pertains to perception, memory, imagination and  foresight.

• the structure of the loób where meaning-making is found and continously evolving through active interaction vis a vis the self (malay-sarili), others (malay-kapwa), cosmos (malay-daigdig), and God (malay-Maykapal).

• empowers a person to be observant and responsive to the needs of his/her surroundings.

Abot-dama (ambit of feelings) (Lalim)

• It refers to the realm of feelings that intensify and impact abot-kamalayan (consciousness).

• It is not a mere feeling, it is a conscious feeling. It realized in pagsasaloób (internalization), pakikiramay at malasakit (solidarity), pagkasangkot sa bagay (cosmic care), at pangingilabot sa Diyos o May loób sa Diyos (religious experience).

Abot-kaya (ambit of strength) (Laman)

• this comprises pagbubuo ng loob and pangangatawan.

• Pagbubuo ng loób involves the process of deliberate assessment concerning the unity of abot-malay (consciousness) and abot-dama (feelings). The balance and harmony between the two is the point of departure in performing an act.

discipleship

When attached to the kagandahang loób ng Dios (God’s gracious goodness), “pangangatawan is __________”

pangangatawan (discipleship)

we submit ourselves to the God and allow our katawan (body) become channel of the kagandahang loób ng Dios (God’s gracious goodness)

1. discipleship

2. body

3. disciples

1. pangangatawan (__________)

2. katawan (__________)

3. kinatawan (__________)

Pangangatawan sa panahon

It encompasses time. It is a gradual and dramatic process of aligning our own will to the will of God through self-purification. We could relate here the Filipino concept of “pagbabalik loob” (conversion). Also, the life of St. Augustine testifies to this reality.

1. faith

2. hope

3. love

What are the three Theological Virtues?

Abot-kaya sa pakikibaka at Pag-asa

It speaks about persistent struggle (pakikibaka) to destroy the inner forces (i.e. ignorance, fear, violence, vices) and external forces (i.e. social issues and concerns) that prevent us from attaining kaginhawaan (freedom).

bahala na

According to Pe-Pua and Marcelino (2000), the Filipino understanding of “__________” is not fatalism. But a determination and taking risk after doing everything. Hence, it is an attitude that accepts suffering and problem, leaving everything to God. After giving our best effort, we can only hope for the best because there is a God who completes everything.

1. Kalinasang aral

2. Mores

Moral (__________),  derived Latin word means “__________”, meaning customs, habitual ways of doing things. Customary ways of doing can, of course, be either right or wrong, good and evil.

1. Physical Evil

2. Moral Evil

What are the two types of evil?

Physical Evil

Is (pre moral evil) evil bought on by forces normally outside human control, e.g. natural disasters, sickness, or accident.

Moral Evil

Is evil brought on by the free, unjustified action of other humans.

moral

Most evil is __________ evil.

1. Principle of Double Effect

2. indirect principle

__________ is an ethical principle used to analyze the moral aspect of controversial actions, and commonly called upon to evaluate medico-moral problems. It is also known as the voluntary __________.

1. The action itself must be morally good or at least indifferent.

2. The good effect must precede the evil effect or at least be simultaneous with it.

3. The intention of the agent should be directed towards the good effect, never to the evil effect.

4. Proportionality; the good effect must be more important than or at least equal to bad effect.

Four Conditions of the Principle of Double Effect

The action itself must be morally good or at least indifferent.

Which condition of the Principle of double Effect is this?

• An action which is morally evil is always wrong. A person must never intend to do something which in itself is evil because it is negative principle of natural law. Even if an individual intends to accomplish something good, he/she cannot morally justify the use of evil means. Simply put the principle asserts that a good end does not justify evil means.

The good effect must precede the evil effect or at least be simultaneous with it.

Which condition of the Principle of double Effect is this?

• It should be noted that this second condition is concerned primarily with the precedence of causality, not the time sequence of the good and the bad effects. The reason for this condition is that under no reason is one justified to do evil in itself. Thus, an action whose primary effect is evil cannot be morally justified, even if through that evil, secondary effect, which is good , follows.

The intention of the agent should be directed towards the good effect, never to the evil effect.

Which condition of the Principle of double Effect is this?

• The intention of the agent (finis operantis) specifying the morality of the action is mentioned when speaking of the sources of morality. Bothe the mid and will commit themselves towards the intended purpose., the one thing that prompts the performance of the action. If what is intended is something evil, then the action is morally specified as an evil action.

Proportionality; the good effect must be more important than or at least equal to bad effect.

Which condition of the Principle of double Effect is this?

• One must remember that all moral actions are directed towards certain moral goods or values, towards effects or objects that are considered valuable to a person. The individual is enriched with acquisition of that good or value. ( Salibay, p.86-89).

Kaginhawaan

Freedom; the state of being free from constraints.

Magandang asal

Good character; moral behavior that reflects ethical goodness.

1. isinasaloób

2. pinangangatawanan

Ang kagandahang loób ay __________ at __________ !