Functions of Skeletal System, Bone Shapes, and Bone Markings

facet

small, flat articular surface

sulcus

narrow groove

ramus

An extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure

spine

pointed process

crest

prominent ridge

line

low ridge

tuberosity

a rounded or rough bony prominence on a bone

process

any bony prominence/ projection

trochanter

large, rough projection

fossa

shallow depression

fissure

elongate cleft

sinus or antrum

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

trochlea

a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

condyle

rounded articular projection

neck

A narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck (at end epiphysis)

tubercle

small rounded projection

foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone (for blood vessels or nerves)

canal

passage way through substance of a bone

long bones

longer than they are wide (arm, forearm, thighs and legs, palms and fingers, soles of feet and toes)

flat bone

thin, roughly parallel surfaces [like a sandwich] (roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapula)

sutural bones

small flat irregular bones that can form between flat bones of skull (randomly form and grow with skull, amount of them varies between people, and some don't have)

irregular bones

complex shapes (vertebrae, facial bones)

short bones

small and boxy bones (carpal[8] and tarsal[7])

sesamoid bones

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella, can be formed in tendons from stress)

5 functions of skeletal system

support(framework for attachment of soft tissues and organs), storage of minerals&lipids (stores calcium and lipids in yellow marrow), blood cell productions (in red marrow), protection (surrounds organs), leverage (for muscles bc they only work by pulling.