BIO 113 - Evolution PPT

Diversity means…

different regions - North, South, East, West

Mendel worked…

alone in his monastery.

Darwin worked…

connected.

Who was the first to classify organisms by their similarities?

Carl Linnaeus a century before (1700s) grouped organisms into related categories, with more general categories giving rise to specific ones

Linnaeus developed the ____________ designations still used today

genus-species

James Hutton suggested…

organisms changed slowly over time

Lamarck suggested…

acquired traits were passed onto future generations

Georges Cuvier demonstrated…

the extent of fossils

Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology which suggested…

how the earth itself changes over time

Darwin was a _______ and found many animals and plants unique to _______________

naturalist/South America

Where did Darwin read Lyell’s Principles of Geology?

aboard the *Beagle,* then lived through an earthquake which sparked his interest

before the Origin of Species, Alfred Wallace sent Darwin his theory of…

Natural Selection and this was the last tie-in to Darwin's idea of descent with modification for the Origin of Species

it allowed both…

1) the fact that change occurred and 2) provided a reason why the change occurred

What are the two foundations of evolutionary theory?

1) Descent with Modification- passing on one's traits to future generations 2) Natural Selection- traits most likely to be passed on will enhance the survival of the species- other traits NOT passed on

Define *adaptation*

an inherited characteristic which enhances their survival or reproduction in a specific environment

descent with modification operates…

on a long-term scale. Early changes can be scene but they are polymorphisms like skin and hair color.

More organisms must be…

born than will survive.

Define artificial selection

breeding plants or animals to have particular characteristics

changes that survive in evolution occur randomly, while…

artificial selection starts out with a purpose already in mind

When did penicillin and other antibiotics come into wide usage?

the 1940’s

sensitive bacteria are killed off by the antibiotics, while…

the least sensitive are left behind and have more room to grow (ex. MRSA)

Define homology

similarity based on common ancestry organisms that came from the same common ancestor share features

Do more closely related organisms share more/less DNA sequences?

more

What do fossils show links between?

Different families of organisms.

Did Charles Darwin have all of the information we do today about descent with modification and natural selection?

no

What have Darwin’s theories been supported by?

geology, biochemistry, and taxonomy

ideas of evolution are only disputed by…

non-scientists