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Indo-Europeans
Origin of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin languages
Found out in 1800
Sanskirt
Indian Classical language
Proto-Indo-European
P.I.E. → Language reconstructed by scholars
Educated guess as to what Indo-European language looked like
Earliest speakers of Indo-European language
Sometimes called Indo-Germans or Aryans
English and German
Germanic Family
Gaelic
Celtic family
French and Spanish
Latin/Romance Languages
Ukraine
First theory as to where Indo-Europeans originated
Anatolia
Second theory where Indo-Europeans originated
Located on the Asian part of modern Turkey
Supported by phylogeny
Mammalia
mamma means breast, mammals produce milk with breasts for their young
This is why mammals are called this
Rodentia
Means gnawing animals which are rodents which have gnawing teeth that never stop growing
Corrodes
Etymologically this menas something that intensely gnaws at something
Erodes
Etymologically this means something that gnaws things out
Chiroptera
These are bats and the word means hand-wings because their wings are supported on their “hands”
Cetacea
These are whales, and their name comes from Greek cetus, whale and taxonomic ending -acea
Carnivora
This means meat-eating
Monotremata
These are creatures with “one hole” for the passing of sperm or eggs, feces, and urine
Marsupalia
These are animals with a marsupium, that is a “purse” where they take care of their young
Eutheria
These are true beasts, that is, ordinary mammals
Lagomorpha
This means rabbit-formed
Artiodactyla
These are animals with even number of toes
Perissodactyla
These are animals with off numbers of toes
Dermoptera
These are, etymologically, “skin wings”
Vermilingua
“worm tongues”
Word order and function words
What does English inherit from old English
Latin and Greek
Where do English content words come from?
1,400 years ago
How old is the earliest written records of Old English?
3,500 years old
How old is the earliest written records in any indo-european language?
Cognates
Words that are similar and have a common ancestor
what is one in german
ein
what is two in german
fuenf
what is three in german
drei
what is five in german
zwei
what is four in german
vier
what is seven in german
sieben
what is nine in german
neun
what is ten in german
zehn
what is six in german
sechs
what is eight in german
acht
Brother
what is german bruder in English
sister
what is the german word schwester in english
son
what is the german word sohn in english
daughter
what is the german word tochter in english
father
what is the german word vater in english
mother
what is the german word mutter in english
brother
what is the latin word frater in english
sister
what is the latin word soror in englishs
son
what is the latin word filius in english
father
what is the latin word pater in english
mother
what is the latin word mater in english
It is a guess
Why is there an asterisks next to indo-european words?
Persia and India
Language east of Indo-europeans
Germanic, Celtic, Ancient Greek, and Latin
Language west of Indo-Europeans
Germanic branch
which branch does english belong to?
borrowing
this is when a word if taken directly from another language
Norman French
Where is a lot of our words for cooked meat from?
savant
older scholar
amateur
one who plays for the love of the activity
chef
head cook
protégé
a young man who is assisted in his career by an influential person
Fiancée
an engaged woman
raconteur
storyteller
protégée
a woman guided and helped by an older person
fiancé
an engaged man
emigré
exile
divorcée
a woman formerly married
adriot
skillful
encore
repeat performance
ennui
boredom
fair accompli
accomplished fact
faux pas
social blunder
gauche
lacking social grace
matinee
afternoon performance
menage
household
menagerie
zoo
tour de force
clever performancd
allegro
in fast tempo
alto
lowest singing voice
andante
in moderate tempo
crescendo
increasing in volume
diminuendo
decreasing in volume
forte
loud
largo
in a stately manner
piano
soft
pianoforte
musical instrument with keyboard
soprano
highest singing voice
mustang
a type of horse
alligator
resembles a crocodile
mosquito
the fly that sucks blood
canyon
land feature like the Grand Canyon
Cigar
tobacco things
loco
crazy
bonanza
prosperity
rodeo
where people compete in things like calf roping
savvy
to know something very well
poncho
thing worn when it is raining
Kayak
word for a boat eskimos frequently use
Skunk
stinking animal named by Abnaki Indians
Igloo
Winter shelter Eskimos built
Blitzkrieg
Motorized attack by Germans in Second WW
Wigwam
Algoquin Indians lived in domed shelters called
Note 
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