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developmental psychology
studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the lifespan
cross sectional study
compare people of different ages at one time
longitudinal study
study the same person over a long period of time
Nature AND Nurture
nurture works on what nature endows
ex. if have athletic genes, find yourself participating in athletic stuff
Maturation
the natural sequences process of development (regardless of environment - ex. crawl before walk)
baby maturation
hold head up, roll over, rise up on hands, crawl, sitting without support, stand with support, walking
4-5 months
when babies start rolling over
6-8 months
when babies start crawling and sitting
1 year
when babies start walking
conception
single sperm cell penetrates outer coating of egg cell and creates a fertilized egg
Zygote
after a few days, 100 cells
Embryo
after a couple weeks, cells specialize and grow organs (heart kidney, etc)
Fetus
10 weeks, further organs develop and baby susceptible to teratogens
teratogens
chemicals, virus, infection, drug abuse, etc can hurt babies in womb, mother must be careful
quickly
Brain cells develop very _____ in the womb
realize will need to prepare for learning after birth
development: first neural networks, then frontal lobe, then association areas
rooting reflex
the tendency for infants when touched on their cheek to turn head towards the sensation
automatic, looking for food
particular Emotional Expressions
cry when in pain/ hunger, smile when amused, stare when confused
Babinsky Reflex
when the sole foot of baby has been firmly pressed, big toe goes up and other toes fan out
show healthy nervous system
significance of infancy reflexes
Harry Harlow
guy who wanted to know if babies only want nourishment of need comfort too
did experiment with baby monkeys, preferred fabric/ comforting mama without milk
Contact Comfort
the instinctual need to touch and be touched as an infant