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Which sex is expected to make more gametes during its lifetime ?

Males

How does sexual reproduction influence the accumulation of mutations over time ?

Sexual populations should accumulate fewer mutations than asexual populations

How do sexual and asexual populations differ in growth rate :

Asexual populations should grow faster than sexual populations

Historically , human birth weight was likely under which form of selection ?

stabilizing selection

Oxpeckers are birds that are found associated with large mammals , and were thought to remove ticks and keep wounds clean . When this was tested experimentally , it was found that the oxpeckers :

were parasites on the mammals

Which of the following processes does NOT generate linkage disequilibrium

Recombination

On a graph showing the relationship between mid-parent trait values on the X-axis and mid-offspring trait values on the Y-axis, the slope of the line is the:

heritability

In a study comparing monozygotic (identical) twins to dizygotic (fraternal) twins, researchers found that hair color was more sililar amount pairs of monozygotic twins than it was between pairs of dizygotic twins. What do these reaukts suggest about the inheritance of this trait?

This trait has high heritability

The pattern of natural selection where the average phenotype in the population has the highest fitness is called :

stabilizing selection

Is the population shown here in linkage equilibrium or linkage disequilibrium ?

linkage disequilibrium

Male moose have large antlers that they use to fight during the mating season . This trait likely evolved through :

sexual selection via male - male competition

The figure shown here illustrates how relative fitness varied with beak depth in Galapagos finches during the drought of 1977 . Which form of selection was acting on beak depth ?

Directional

Which statement best describe the variation in mating success among the sexes in most species of animals ?

Variance in male mating success is higher than variance in female mating success

If a trait is under disruptive selection , the variance in the trait will :

increase

Researchers use cross-fostering experiments to evaluate the role of shared environments when estimating heritability. Suppose you compared birds raised in the nest of their biological parents, with birds raised in the nest of unrelated foster parents. If birds resemble their foster parents to the same degree that birds resemble their biological parents, you would conclude that:

There is a large environmental influence in the trait being studied

Body weight is determined by two loci each with two alleles (locus 1 with alleles A and a, and locus 2 with alleles B and b). Individuals with all lowercase letters (genotype, aabb) weigh 10 kg. Each capital letter (A or B) in the genotype adds 1 kg to bodyweight. How many different bodyweight phenotypes are possible in this population?

5

The figure shown illustrates how relative fitness buried with with big depth and beak width in Galapagos finches during the drought of 1977. Beak depth and beak width are strongly genetically correlated. As a consequence of this correlation, the population of finches surviving, the drought had beaks with:

Large beak depth and large beak width

How does stabilizing selection influence the mean and variance of quantitative traits?

The mean stays the same variance decreases

Daphnia fleas show variation among populations for phenotypic plasticity of phototactic behavior. Daphnia from which lake exhibited the strongest plasticity for the phototactic response?

A lake with a large fish population

Which sex is expected to experience greater resource, limitation of reproductive success?

Females

The figure shown illustrates the effect of body size on probability of survival. This illustrates which form of selection?

Disruptive selection

The graph illustrates the distribution of feeding heights of male (left) and female (right) giraffes. Based on this data, what was concluded about why giraffes have such long necks?

Giraffes likely have long necks for some purpose, other than feeding on vegetation high in trees

The data in the previous question about giraffe feeding heights, came from which kind of study?

An observational study

If locus A (with alleles A and a) and locus B (with alleles B and b) are in linkage of disequilibrium

AB, Ab, aB, and ab chromosomes will have frequencies that cannot be predicted from the frequency of alleles A, a, B, and b

Tephritid flies in the genus Zonosemata perform a behavior where they wave their banded wings, when threatened in a manner similar to the threat displayed of jumping spiders. Based on experiments comparing predation on Zonosemata and house flies, it was concluded:

Zonosemata flies mimic jumping spiders and this reduced predation specifically by jumping spiders

On a graph with relative fitness on the Y axis, and trait values (for example beak size) on the X axis, the slope of the line is the:

Selection gradient

In the figure shown among species of bats, those which live in larger social groups tend to have larger testes. This is thought to be an adaptation to more intense sperm competition between males. This approach to study adaptation is:

A comparative study

Researcher studying Begonia flowers wanted to know what the optimal size would be for unrewarding female flowers. using artificial flowers, they found that bees preferred female flowers that were:

Larger than male flowers

When researchers looked at the actual size of female Begonia flowers they found that female flowers were

Smaller than the optimal size

In New Zealand mud snails in areas of high parasitism by trematodes:

Populations have higher rates of sexual reproduction

Male peacocks, have larger display of feathers and females prefer males with the largest display. Large tail feathers are favored by:

Intersexual sexual selection

In seahorses and pipefish there's a sex-role reversal where males bear a higher cost of reproduction than females under the scenario we expect:

Females should be colorful and male should choose the most colorful female to meet with

Who developed the idea that male fitness is more limited by access to mates while female fitness is more limited by access to resources?

Bateman

Selection for multilocus genotypes:

Generates linkage disequilibrium

Stalk-eyed flies have their eyes at the end of long eyestalks and in natural population females prefer to meet with males that have longer eyestalks. When researchers used artificial selection to select for shorter eyestalks

Males with short eyestalks had higher fitness because females evolved to prefer shorter eyestalks

Female widowbirds prefer to matewith males with long tails. The figure compares widowbirds with experimentally shortened tales to control birds suggests that:

Shorter tails are favored by natural selection, but longer tails are favored sexual selection

In species where females are larger than males, this pattern of sexual dysmorphism likely evolved due to:

Fecundity selection

Which male mating strategy is favored by selection in bluegill sunfish?

Both strategies are maintained in population of neither strategy is universally favored above the other

The figure shows suggest that:

Sexual selection is stronger in males than females in the species

In purple throated carib birds males and females feed on nectar from different species of flowers and have bills adapted to the shape of their preferred flower. This pattern of sexual dysmorphism likely arose through:

Natural selection