* the movement from high pressure to low pressure. * one way that your kidneys process/filter your blood.
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what does a pump do?
moves things from low to high concentration (active transport)
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name 3 materials that move into or out of cells by facilitated diffusion.
glucose, amino acids, and ions
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name 2 categories of transport proteins found in cell membranes
channel proteins & carrier proteins
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where are channel proteins found & explain their pore?
they’re embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross passively through facilitated diffusion.
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are channel proteins open or closed?
some are always opened, while others are gated & require a stimulus to open them
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what are channel proteins used for?
used to move ions like Na+, Cl-, and K+
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what are some properties of channel proteins?
* they’re integral/specific * they include aquaporins used in osmosis
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how do carrier proteins help move materials across a cell membrane?
They bind to the substance & drag the molecule through the membrane and release it on the other side. They may change shape.
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do all carrier proteins extend across the cell membrane?
No, they can go part of the way through the membrane.
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are carrier proteins specific or not specific?
carrier proteins used in facilitated diffusion & active transport are __specific__
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what are all pumps?
proteins involved in active transport
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give an example of an antiport & what does it do?
sodium-potassium pump is an antiport that returns sodium ions to outside the cell membrane (where it’s concentrated) & return potassium ions to inside the cell membrane (where it’s concentrated)
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give an example of a uniport & what does it do?
proton pumps are uniports that move H+ ions & are very important in plants
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what is the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump moves ions?
it moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions moved into the cell.
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what is resting membrane potential?
the voltage across the cell that is created by the sodium-potassium pump’s movement.
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what is the RMP of the cell membrane?
\-70mv
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what is systic fibrosis?
Thickened mucus due to a channel protein problem.
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how do local anesthetics work?
they block sodium from entering the cell to there is no nerve impulse.
OR
negative ions go in to make it harder for nerves to respond.
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what is phagocytosis?
“cell eating”
involves extension of cell membrane to form “pseudopods”