Marine Science U2 test review

WHY IS PLATE TECTONICS SUCH A WIDELY ACCEPTED THEORY?

Multiple forms of evidence support this theory

WHAT IS THE BIG BANG THEORY? HOW DID THIS CONTRIBUTE TO EARTH AND ITS UNIQUE FEATURES (IT BEING LIQUID, FOR EXAMPLE)?

Giant cosmic explosion that sent particles & dust into the universe. When the particles collided in a ball of heat, eventually the earth has rotated& cooled the inner layers (remained molten) & dense while less dense materials moved to the surface & cooled

IN WHICH OF EARTH’S LAYERS DOES LIQUID METAL MOVE IN AND CAUSE THE MAGNETIC FIELD TO DEVELOP OVERTIME?

outer core

REVIEW BOTH OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST—COMPARE/CONTRAST CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH.

O.C: made of basalt, younger & denser than C.C - made of granite, older & less dense than O.C

THE LARGEST % OF WORLD OCEAN IS FOUND WHERE?

Southern hemisphere = 80% of the ocean

REVIEW THE EARTH’S STRUCTURE IN TERMS OF BOTH LAYERS AND DENSITY.

most dense: solid inner core (iron-rich), outer core, mantle & crust (least dense)

REVIEW LITHOSPHERIC PLATES AND MOVEMENTS. WHEN THE PLATES FOLD ON EACH OTHER, WHAT LAND FORMATION OCCURS?

convergent plate boundary/ mountain range

WHEN CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUSTS CONVERGE, WHAT HAPPENS AS A RESULT?

subduction: coastal volcanic mountain range/trench

WHAT IS THE THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT? WHAT IS EVIDENCE OF THIS?

states land masses called continents were once closer together & have drifter apart overtime. S.E: fossil evidence

WHAT CAUSES AN EARTHQUAKE TO OCCUR?

plates slipping along a fault line

THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF EARTH ARE MADE OF DIFFERENT PROPERTIES AND DENSITIES. WHICH LAYER IS MADE TO BE IN CONSTANT MOTION?

mantle

OCEANS DEVELOP BETWEEN CONTINENTS AS A RESULT OF WHAT PROCESS?

convection, dragging the plates apart slowly =sea floor spreading

WHAT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF MOVEMENT AMONGST TECTONIC PLATES?

slab pull

WHEN A TECTONIC PLATE MOVES OVER A HOT SPOT, WHAT GEOLOGICAL FEATURE FORMS?

islands

AT THE END OF A SUBDUCTION ZONE WHERE CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST COLLIDE, WHAT FEATURE WILL FORM?

trench

WHEN CRUSTS MOVE ALONG SHEAR BOUNDARIES, WHAT GEOLOGICAL EVENT OCCURS?

earthquake

WHAT IS A MID-OCEAN RIDGE? DESCRIBE ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND HOW IT FORMS.

earthquakes & volcanoes, the rock on the sea floor is older as 1 moves away from the, sea floor spreading.

WHAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE EVIDENCE OF PLATE TECTONICS?

magnetic anomalies, seafloor spreading, and existence of sea-floor mid-ocean ridges, fossils

REVIEW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE/PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS

active: steep rocky coastlines, narrow continental shelves. Passive: wide continental shelves and little to no geologic activity

REVIEW FEATURES OF OCEAN FLOOR AS THEY PERTAIN TO CONTINENTAL MARGINS

Coastline to deep Ocean. Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Continental Rise, Abyssal Plain

THE PART OF THE OCEAN THAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE IS?

continental shelf

HOW DO BLACK SMOKER STACKS (COLUMNS) FORM?

Minerals from inside the earth mixing with seawater when it is released

REVIEW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLATE BOUNDARIES DISCUSSED IN CLASS.

Divergent Plate Boundaries: Mid-Ocean Ridges (Seafloor Spreading)
Convergent Plate Boundaries: Subduction: Ocean to Ocean = trench and island arc; Ocean to continental crust: trench and a coastal mountain range
Continental to Continental mountain range
Shear Boundaries: earthquakes