09-Textbook poop stuff

poop pee

What is a reflex arc?

neural pathway that allows for an involuntary, quick response to take place(reflex)

a reflex arc is completed before voluntary control brain centres process information

How do reflex arcs work?

1. Receptors sense stimulus

2. Initiate impulse in the sensory neuron

3. Impulse carried by sensory neuron

4. Activates interneuron in spine

5. Interneuron signals to motor neuron to exhibit a motor response in muscles

Parts of the Nervous system?

CNS: brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System- carries messages to and from CNS

Types of systems in Peripheral Nervous sustem

Somatic nervous system- in charge of voluntary responses

Autonomic nervous system- in charge of involuntary responses.

sympathetic- arouses body w energy

. parasympathetic- calms body down

General impulse pathway in Nervous system:

1. Sensory Receptors receive stimuli+ form impulse, carry impulse to CNS(brain and spine)

2. Interneurons in spine and brain process sensory information, relay to motor neurons

3. Motor neurons illicit a physical response in effectors(muscles, glands, etc..)

What does each part of the nephron pass through?

glomerulus/bowmans capsule-cortex

proximal tubule-cortex

loop of henle - outer/inner medulla

distal tubule- cortex

collecting duct-inner medulla

What is meningitis?

-when the meninges swell- puts pressure on the brain

-because it is in the brain and closer to the swelling, it is impacted earlier than blood

-wbc to protect brain, count wbc

What is the physiology associated with addiction?

Someone takes addictive substance/ repeatedly does smth→ dopamine released→ brain associates this with happiness and reward→ builds neurological pathway to make action more efficient→leads to cravings