A&P 2 WBC and Blood Typing (2)

blood smear/film

drop of whole blood, with or without stain, spread on glass

Granulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Agranulocytes

Lmphocytes

Monocytes

Neutrophil

normal count = 1800-7800 cells

multi-lobed nucleus = polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Neutrophil disease

increase during acute infection

Eosinophil

normal count = 0-450

bilobed nculeus

large granules take up red-orange acidic stain

Eosinophil disease

Increase during allergies and parasitic infections

Basophil

normal count = 0-200 cells

bio or tri lobed nuclues

coarse round granules take up basic stains (dark purple)

Basophil disease

increase in allergic reactions

contain histamine, heparin, serotonin

Lymphocyte

normal count = 1000-4800

large spherical nucleus with indent (dark inner circle)

Lymphocyte disease

develop immune responses

Monocyte

normal count = 0-800 cells

move into tissues to become macrophages

3x larger than RBC

large kidney/ u-shaped nucleus

large cytoplasm

Monocyte disease

increase during chronic infections (TB)

Antigen

on the surface of RBC

genetically-determined membrane glycoproteins or glycolipids

identifies blood cells as “foreign” to the immune system

antibodies

the immune response defense mechanism

anti- __

agglutination

if foreign blood (mismatched type) is present, blood cells will be crosslinked together by antibodies

antigen (RBC) clump precipitates out of blood for breakdown by WBCs/ phagocytes

diminished O2 carrying capacity

Type A blood

has surface antigen A and Anti-B antibodies

Type B blood

has surface antigen B and Anti-A antibodies

Type AB blood

has surface antigens A and B and no Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies

Type O blood

has neither surface antigen A or B BUT has both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

Rh

if Rh positive: the blood type is + (Rh antigens present)

if Rh negative: the blood type is - (Rh antigens not present)

erythroblastosis fetalis (aka Rh Hemolytic Disease of Newborns)

1) Rh+ father and Rh- mother

2) Rh- mother but the fetus is Rh+ so the Rh antigens from the fetus can enter the mother’s blood during delivery 

3) the mother will produce anti-Rh antibodies if she is exposed

4) if the mother becomes pregnant again her anti-Rh antibodies will cross the placenta and damage fetal red blood cells

AB+

What blood type is the universal recipient

O-

What blood type is the universal donor

True

True or False

a negative can give to a positive but a positive cannot give to a negative