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yearly exam

Economics

46 Terms

1

Expansion

the economy grows, jobs increase, and consumer spending rises.

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2

Peak

The highest point of the business cycle before economic slowdown occurs.

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3

Recession

A phase where the economy shrinks, leading to job losses and decreased consumer spending.

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4

Trough

The lowest point of the business cycle before recovery begins.

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5

what are the phases of the business cycle?

expansion, peak, recession and trough

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6

Causes of Business Cycle

Factors like spending and consumer confidence

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7

give an examples of an economic event

Great Depression- severe economic recession

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8

Key Features of Recessions

High unemployment, low spending, and falling prices (deflation).

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9

Key Features of Booms

Low unemployment, high spending, and rising prices (inflation).

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10

Demand

the amount of a product people want to buy at a certain price.

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11

Law of Demand

when prices go down, people buy more.

when prices go up, people buy less.

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12

Supply

The quantity of a product that businesses are willing to sell at a given price.

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13

Law of Supply

when prices go up, businesses sell more.

when prices go down, businesses sell less.

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14

Equilibrium

The point where the demand and supply curves meet. This is where the price and quantity are balanced.

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15

Price Mechanism

the way supply and demand determine prices in the market.

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16

Factors Affecting Demand

Income, tastes, population, substitute goods, complementary goods, and expectations.

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17

Factors Affecting Supply

Efficiency, production costs, weather, and the number of suppliers.

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18

Supply Table

A table showing how much a seller is willing to sell at different prices.

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19

Demand Table

A table showing how much a buyer is willing to buy at different prices.

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20

Supply Curve

slopes upward, showing that sellers are willing to sell more at higher prices

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21

Demand Curve

slopes downward, showing that buyers are willing to buy less at higher prices

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22

Standard of Living

A measure of how well individuals are living.

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23

GDP per Capita

Total value of goods and services produced per person.

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24

Economic Growth

Measures the increase in production of goods and services.

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25

Income Distribution

Measures how evenly income is distributed among people.

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26

Environmental Sustainability

Measures how well the economy can meet current needs without harming future generations.

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27

Unemployment

The condition where individuals who are willing and able to work cannot find jobs.

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28

Labour Force Survey

A method used to measure unemployment by interviewing individuals aged 15 and over.

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29

Cyclical Unemployment

Unemployment that occurs during economic downturns due to decreased spending.

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30

Structural Unemployment

Results from changes in technology or production methods.

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31

Seasonal Unemployment

Job losses that occur due to seasonal fluctuations in demand.

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32

Frictional Unemployment

Temporary unemployment that occurs when individuals are between jobs.

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33

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

used to measure inflation

calculates the average change in prices of a basket (food, clothing, housing etc.) of goods and services

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34

Demand-side Inflation

excessive demand for goods and services.

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35

Supply-side Inflation

increased production costs.

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36

Impacts of Inflation

Reduced competitiveness, undermined economic growth, and affected income distribution.

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37

Reasons to Leave Home

Pursuing education, employment, seeking independence, or family disagreements.

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38

Types of Accommodation

Options include renting an apartment, share housing, or university colleges.

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39

Key Considerations for Leasing

Understanding rights, reviewing agreements, and communicating with landlords.

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40

Establishment Costs

One-time expenses when moving into a new place

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41

Ongoing Costs

Recurring expenses

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42

Financial Strategies

Monitoring spending, budgeting, and shared living arrangements to manage finances.

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43

Tax File Number (TFN)

A unique identifier required for tax purposes in Australia.

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44

Major Purchases

Considerations for buying mobile phones and cars, including costs and financing options.

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45

Payment Methods

Various ways to pay for purchases, including cash, credit, and lay-by options.

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46

Consumer Protection

Laws that safeguard consumers from unfair practices and ensure rights are upheld.

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