NT Key Words

intertestamental period

400 years between the two major divisions of the Bible

diaspora

deportation of jews resulting in a scattering throughout the Babylonian Empire into foreign lands

synagogues

gathering houses

hellenization

embracing of Greek culture and language

LXX/septuagint

greek translation of the Hebrew bible

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Seleucids leader who resent the jewish people and determined to eradicate the jewish religion by banning all copies of the Law

mattathias

elderly priest who refused to offer a sacrifice and subsequently stabs a governmental official and jewish man who was complying to the officials demands. This sparked major revolt and began a time of guerilla warfare against the foreign ruler

hasmoneans

the period of time when the Maccabees reigned after this revolt

Judas Maccabeus

Mattathias son who took over leadership of the insurrection after hid fathers death

maccabeans

refers to the time of revolt after Judas meaning hammer

hanukkah

feast of dedication celebrating that the oil to light the candelabra in the temple lasted 8 days

mount gerizim

location of the samaritan temple and true place for sacrifice

samaritans

separatist group of Jews who intermarried with Gentiles after the exile. Ethnically and religiously distinct from the Jews.

pharisees

conservative jewish sect who accepted the entire old testament but also observed the oral law. Keepers of purity and holiness, hater of Hellenization and anything foreign.

mishnah

the oral laws and teaching written down and collected by the Pharisees

sadducees

politically motivated leaders influenced by greco-roman thought and practice. Concerned primarily with wealth and power. Accept the Torah but deny the supernatural world.

sanhedrin

the highest court of the jews, chaired by the high priest, consisting of seventy men who met in Jerusalem

essenes

prominent jewish sect in the first century. A separatist group who lived in the desert who were anti-temple and legalistic.

qumran

a jewish establishment on the north side of the Dead Sea where scrolls where carefully hidden in caves.

dead sea scrolls

scrolls discovered in 1947 that reveal the ideas of this Jewish community and contained copies of every book of the Hebrew scripture except Esther

zealots

jewish sect who used violence and any means possible to further the the cause of God. Blamed for the downfall of the Jewish people under Rome

apocrypha

unveiling literature that entails the future vindication of the righteous

psuedepigrapha

false name; focus on future events

apocalyptic literature

revealed through the use of symbolic imagery what God was doing in heaven to encourage his people who were suffering on earth.

judaisms

the variety that existed within judaism during the intertestamental and new testament eras

herod the great

governor of Galilee

centuries of silence

time after the last prophet malachi

John the Baptist

prepared the way for Jesus in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, he dressed in camel’s hair and a leather belt and took the role of prophet

repentance

the turning away from sin and recommitting to faithfulness and renewing loyalty to the kingship of God

genealogy

shows Jesus’ Davidic origin

Messiah/Christ

anointed one

son of God

fulfillment of old testamnet promises

song of Man

authoritative figure who sits at the right hand of God

Immanuel

God with us

Sermon on the Mount

Jesus’ authoritative teaching that instructs followers to be Christlike

Mishnah

the oral law that was written for in 200 AD

six antitheses

phrases that begin with “you have heard it said” and end with “but now I say to you”

beatitudes

Jesus as the anointed messenger of God’s salvation to the poor

shaliah

jewish idea that persons sent carried the authority of the one who sent them

Abba

God has the absolute Father authority, but he’s also intimately personal

discipleship

Matthew emphasizes it in the Great Commission

parable

simple, short, and symbolic stories told by Jesus

king of God/ kingdom of heaven

interchangeable reference to God’s kingly rule both in salvation and in punitive judgment

inaugurated kingdom

the kingdom of God is both present and future but has not fully consummated

promise and fulfillment

Jesus is the fulfillment of the old testament promises

typology

the comparison between Jesus and his Old testament counterparts

Triumphal Entry

Jesus riding up a donkey into Jerusalem

cleansing of the temple

Jesus drove out the money changers profiting off the temple

passover meal

explains the necessity and purpose of Jesus’ death an led to the sacrament of communion

table fellowship

jesus’s meals with tax collectors and sinners

the Great Commission

Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you

John Mark

coworker of Paul and Peter and cousin of Barnabas; dropped out of Paul’s first missionary journey bit became an active and effective participant in the missionary work of the church

Christ

Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word Messiah and means anointed one

Son of God

messianic, kingly title

Peter’s confession

Says to Jesus “You are the Christ”; Jesus responds by instructing his disciples about his coming suffering, death, and resurrection

centurion’s confession

“Surely this man was the Son of God” in the face of Jesus’ death

messianic secret

don’t make Jesus’ identity known

failure of the disciples

Mark 14; during Jesus final hours his disciples fell asleep in the garden of Gethsemane

discipleship

the pattern of life expected of all those who desire to follow him

service

Jesus did not come to be served but to serve and give his life

kingdom of God

future, visible realm where God’s rule is recognized and unquestioned.

kingdom parables

metaphors or word pictures that clarify the nature of the present form of the kingdom

eschatological discourse

what will take place in the future when the Son of Man comes in Great power and glory; Jesus warns about deception and to prepare for the end of the age

Son of Man

referenced in Daniel; emphasized his present authority on earth, focused on his future coming in power, sayings that predicted his suffering, death, and resurrection

Synoptic Gospels

Luke, Mark, and Matthew meant to be viewed together

historical accuracy

Luke’s historical accuracy has been supported by demonstration that Luke’s theological interests do not rule out historical reliability

fulfilled prophecy

luke fulfilled many OT prophecies from Isaiah and Malachi

baptism

Luke focuses on the identify of Jesus at his baptism rather than on location or other details. Jesus identified with people who wanted to live righteously and Jesus was called “Son whom I love” by God

genealogy

beginning from Adam the first human going to Joseph

temptation

contrasts with Adam to show how Jesus was able to resist temptation

holy spirit

Jesus began his ministry in the power of the Spirit

son of God

used to describe Jesus six times by Luke

christ/messiah

titles used to represent the redeemer of Israel’s hopes

son of david

Jesus shown as the fulfillment of davidic prophecy

son of Man

link to Daniel 7 and most common title for Jesus in Luke

travel narrative

Jesus makes his way to Jerusalem where he would bring his mission to completion

salvation

“The Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost”

kingdom of God

the sovereign rule of God

inaugurated eschatology

the idea that Jesus’s earthly ministry brought about the beginning of the end times

ascension

two accounts found in Luke, Jesus continues to rule and also will come back to judge the world

repentance and faith

luke places greater emphasis than other Gospels

marginalized people

Jesus used marginalized people as a positive role model in his teaching

poor

like made it clear that wealth can be dangerous for one’s spiritual life

disciple

people dedicated to the way of life taught by the leader

apostles

Jesus twelve followers who were eye witnesses to his entire ministry

the Twelve

the apostles

priorities

disciples of Jesus called to radically different priorties for all of life

material possessions

not wrong to own material possessions but when the come between a person and Jesus

prayer

slightly longer lord’s prayer also emphasized God’s power to answer well

table fellowship

Jesus depicted sharing meals with marginalized people

Synoptic Gospels

John is seen as distinct from these Gospels

love

world

shaliah

sent one

Jesus sacrificed his own life on behalf of his sheep all because God loved the world

christology

the study of the person of Christ, emphasized highly in the Gospel of John

messiah/christ

John’s main goal is to convince everyone to believe that jesus is the christ,

messianic expectations

some expected a priest like Aaron and others a prophet like moses but most a warrior king

warrior king

like king David who had freed Israel from foreign oppression through military might

ontological deity

Jesus is God