serology test 3

Factors H and I molecules inhibit the

alternative pathway

C1 complement components requires

Ca++ ions to stay together

The correct order for the classical component pathway is

C1,C4,C2,C3,C5,C6,C7,C8,C9

The different pathways of complement activation are different until activation of

C3

If the CH50 is lower than normal but the AH50 is normal, the component involved include

C1,C4,C2, & C1INH

An acute infection such as strep throat will show on elevated CH50

while a chronic illness such as systemic lupus erythematosus probably decreased CH50

C3 convertase in the classical pathway is formed as C4b2a, in the alternative pathway C3wBb

while in MBL pathway; the C3 convertase is C2aC4b

Which of the following is the worst clincial deficiency to have

C3

Which of the following is not a functional assay for complement

Radial immunodiffusion

Which of the following is not associated with elevated complement levels

Systemic. Lupus erythematosus

What sample can be directly used for a complement measurements?

Serum

A patient who is admitted to the hospital and is found to have an acute infection would have

Elevated CH50

C5a can cause

A smooth muscle contraction and vasodilation

Which of the following can activate the alternate pathway of complement

Lipopolysaccarides from gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following is involved in regulation of complement activity?

  C1 esterase inhibitor, factor H, C4b binding protein

Compliment components can Lyse

gram-negative bacteria

What is the order in which the alternate pathway of complement is used?

C3w, factor B, factor D, C3bBb, properdin stabilization

A compliment deficiency involving an inadequacy in the decay accelerating factor can cause the following

Damage to the host cells due to bystander lysis

Complement components are synthesized by

Liver, monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells

The alternate pathway for activation needs, which of the following

C3, properdin, factor B, an activator surface

Which complement component requires Ca++ ions to stay together

C1

A heterogeneous labeled immunoassay is one of the

most sensitive assay

Flow cytometery measures the size of the cell by forward scatter

forward scatter

Chemiluminescent assay

uses a trigger before the signal can be read

In a competitive immunoassay the amount of signal is inversely proportional to the amount of patients antibody

can be determined from a standard curve

A fluorescence polarization immunoassay is

a homogeneous assay

A western blot differs from a recombinant immunoblot because the antigen on the nitrocevulose strip have been electrophoreses and then blotted onto the blot and

the recombinant immunoblot the antigens are just pipetted onto the blot

Enzyme immunoassay uses all of the following 

Ab and Ag reaction, washing steps, separation of bound from free

Which of the folllwoing steps is preformed in the western blot

A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by blotting followed by an enzyme immunoassay

In an indirect assay

An anti immunoglobulin that is labeled is used

In a sandwhich assay

Antibody is coated on the plate as a capture molecule

In a fluorescence polarization assay

Binding increases the degree of the polarization of the emitted fluorescence

Which is the most sensitive

A heterogeneous chemiluminescence assay

HIV triggers a immune response that is

antibody and cell mediated

During HIV infection the Pos patient

will have a very high viral load in the plasma during acute infection and at death

In HIV infection the single stranded RNA from the virus is reverse transcribed to DNA and is

integrated into the host genome

Neutralizing antibodies in HIV target envelope proteins involved in

viral entry

Using antiviral therapy after a needle stick reduces transmission rate by

80%

The reverse transcriptase of HIV transcribes

viral RNA to DNA

Opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection are primarily due to a

declining number of CD4+ T cells

The current therapy for HIV consists of the use of

2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor

During the latent phase of HIV infection

Viral RNA is integrated into the host DNA

Strategies to lock which cellular receptor are being tried to prevent HIV infection

CCR5

A patient who tests non-A & non-B hepatitis, ate sushi, is looking rather yellow and feels ill she most likely has

hepatitis E

Hepatitis D is satellite virus that infects with

hepatitis B

Anti-HBsAg indicates that hepatitis B infection in a patient

with hepatitis B is resolving

A highly infectious stage of hepaititis B infection would show

positive HBsAg, positive HBeAg, negative anti-HBe & negative anti-HBsAg markers

A patient that test positive for anti-HBsAg, and now test negative

for HBeAg is in recovery with good prognosis

Hepatitis C spreads most commonly through

blood

Hepatitis A spreads through

the fecal oral route

Hepatitis B spreads most commonly through

blood and sexual transmission

Antibody to the nuclear antigen Sm,

Antibody to the nuclear antigen Sm, is only 10-25% of SLE patients but it has a high specificity but it has a high specificity and used in diagnosis

The nucleolar pattern of ANA staining is expected in

skin condition call scleroderma

SLE is associated with decreased clearance of dead and dying cells and affects

more smaller joints than larger joints

In the latex agglutination assay for rheumatoid factor,

the antigen coated on the latex beads if IgG with the Fc facing out

Anti-CCP antibodies are seen in

about 70% of cases of rheumatoid arthritis are rarely seen in others

A rim pattern in ANA testing indicated antibody to

Sm, SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70, or RNP

Systemic lupus erthematosus is a disease that involves lumpy bumpy deposition of IgG

and thus kidney failure develops

Gene responsible for the coding of reverse transcriptase

Pol

Gene that codes for the envelope GP120 and GP41

Env

1st viral antigen to be detected in HIV infection

P24

Hallmark feature of aids which evaluate degree of immunosupression

Cd4-t-cell-count

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Heart

Also known as viral load testing and is based on PCR amplification testing

Nuclei acid testing

CD4 T cell enumeration method which uses light scatter and fluorescence to show cell populations

Flow cytometery

Confirmatory test for HIV

Western blot

Most common mode of HIV transmission

Sexual contact

HIV Verona bind to host T cells through these 2 receptors

Cd4&cxcr4

A drug that is an example of a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Zidovudine

Screening test for HIV

Elisa

Gene that codes for the core protein of HIV virus

Gag