Practice Test Review

Professor Frank @ UCF

1) What is the general term for the mode of feeding that has required an increase in the size of the temporalis, with a corresponding increase in the size of the crests on the skull?

Carnivore

2) What is the general term for the mode of feeding that includes foregut and hindgut fermentation?

Herbivore

3) What is the general term for the mode of feeding was characteristic of the earliest placental mammals?

Insectivore

4) What is the general term for the mode of feeding where we see dilambdodont and zalambdodont dentition?

Insectivore

5) What is the general term for the mode of feeding where the molariform teeth tend to be brachydont?

Omnivore

6) What is the term for an insectivore that specializes in feeding on colonial insects?

Myrmecophagous

7) The only mammalian order that includes aerial insectivores is Chiroptera.

True

8) What family of insectivorous mammals include members that have Eimer organs?

Talpidae

9) ) What is the term for a carnivore that receives its nutritional requirements mainly, but not exclusively, from meat?

Facultative Carnivore

10) Which teeth of carnivores make up the carnassials?

(a) fourth upper premolar and first lower

11) What is the term for the subdivision of herbivores that feed primarily on grasses?

Graminivore

12) What is the term for the subdivision of herbivores that feed primarily on fruit?

Frugivore

13) Which physiological mode of digestion utilizes the digastric stomach?

Foregut Fermentation

14) What is the fourth and final segment of the digastric stomach? It passes the chyme on to the small intestine.

Abomasum

15) Which segment of the digastric stomach serves primarily for microbial fermentation?

Rumen

16) What is the term for the outpocketings of the digestive tract utilized in hindgut fermentation for fermentation?

Ceca

17) Which subcategory (-ies) of herbivore practices coprophagy?

Gnawers

18) What is the idea in ecology, based on the study of foraging behavior, that states that organisms forage in such a way as to maximize their net energy intake per unit time?

Optimal Foraging Theory

19) In the equation E/h what is E measured in?

Calories

20) Many herbivores will show a space between the molariform teeth and the incisors. What is the term fore this space?

Diastema

21) Which division of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord?

CNS

22) Which division of the brain connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Medulla Oblongata

23) Which portion of the brain is the main visceral control center of the body and directly influences the endocrine system (among other functions)?

Hypothalamus

24) What is considered to be the most advanced potion of the mammalian brain? It has the neocortex and displays somatotopy.

Cerebrum

25) Which of the following regions of the brain does not contain a portion of the reticular formation?

Diencephalon

26) Which special sense was inhibited and reduced in mammals as a result of the Nocturnal Bottleneck?

Vision

27) ) Which special sense can include the tapetum lucidum in many mammal species?

Vision

28) Which portion of the eye contains the photoreceptors?

Retina

29) What kind of information is detected by the vomeronasal organ?

Pheromones

30) Which portion of the mammalian ear has the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)?

Middle Ear

31) Which portion of the mammalian ear has the pinna?

External Ear

32) What is the term for the ability of certain mammals to project sound waves and form an image based on the reflection of these sound waves?

Echolocation

33) Which endocrine organ is directly connected to the brain and produces a number of hormones which will affect other endocrine organs?

Pituitary

34) Which endocrine organ produces thyroxine and calcitonin?

Thyroid

35) Which endocrine organ has a developmental, evolutionary, and functionally distinct cortex and medulla? The medulla is really part of the autonomic nervous system.

Adrenal Glands

36) What is the term for the property of biological clocks that the rhythm can be reset by exposure to external stimuli?

Entrainment

37) What is the term for a biological rhythm that is approximately 24 hours in length?

Circadian

38) What is the term for biological rhythms that are longer than 24 hours?

Infradian

39) Which type of biological rhythms that would include seasonal variations in eating, pelt, and breeding behaviors?

Infradian

40) Since mammals maintain a constant internal temperature, body temperature is not affected by biological rhythms.

False

41) What is the term specifically used for an organism that will expend energy to maintain a stable internal temperature regardless of ambient conditions?

Endotherm

42) What is the term used for the production of heat (usually through burning food) by an organism?

Thermogenesis

43) According to the square-cube law, an organism which doubles in length isometrically will find that the surface area available to it will increase eightfold, while its volume and mass will increase by a factor of four.

False

44) In mammals the proportionate surface area is positively related to body size.

False

45) Smaller mammals have a higher mass specific metabolic rate than larger mammals.

True

46) What is the term for the transfer of heat that does not require contact between the two items exchanging heat?

Radiation

47) What is the term for the transfer of heat between fluids (i.e., liquids/gases)?

Convection

48) Which form of heat transfer explains why marine mammals have evolved blubber?

Conduction

49) Which form of heat transfer explains why many mammals will sweat and/or pant?

Evaporation

50) What is the effect of the vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels in heat conservation?

Vasodilation causes increased heat loss.

51) Which rule explains why members within a species, or between closely related species, will be larger in colder environments than will be their warmer environment dwelling relatives?

Bergmann's

52) Which form of heterothermy involves rete mirabile?

Regional Heterothermy

53) Which form of heterothermy can be exemplified by a kangaroo licking its forearms to dump heat?

Regional Heterothermy

54) Which form of heterothermy is exempified by how a dromedary camel will vary its body temperature throughout the day?

Temporal Heterothermy

55) Which form of hypometabolism includes a stage when the animal's internal thermostat is turned off?

Sleep

56) What is the term used for ambient temperatures that will cause an increase in a mammal's body temperature and can lead to hyperthermia?

Upper Critical Temperature

57) What is the greatest source of a mammal's body water?

Intracellular Water

58) What type of kidney is found in mammals (and other amniotes)?

Metanephric

59) Proportionately larger renal pelvises are found in mammals inhabiting what type of habitat?

Arid

60) What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

61) What structure in the testis serves as the site of spermatogenesis?

Seminiferous Tubules

62) What tubular organ carries sperm into the pelvic cavity from the scrotum in species having external testes?

Vas Deferens

63) Which male accessory sex gland will release secretions that will cause the formation of a copulatory plug in certain species?

Coagulating Gland

64) Which hormone will stimulate some of the follicles to undergo maturation?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

65) Which hormone will trigger ovulation?

Luteinizing Hormone

66) Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining in case fertilization occurs?

Progesterone

67) What type of ovulation is when ovulation will occur regardless of whether or not the female is mating?

Spontaneous Ovulation

68) What is the term for a mammal species that breeds only once per year?

Monoestrous

69) Which stage of estrus can be described as a quiet period when the female is not receptive to mating?

Anestrus

70) Which stage of estrus can be described as the period of sexual receptivity by the female?

Estrus

71) What is the term for a mammal species that breeds only during one breeding season and then die (ex; Antechinous)?

Semelparous

72) Which group of mammals have a nidamental gland?

Monotremes

73) What is the term for the typical mammalian uterus having two "horns" attaching to a uterine body?

Bicornuate

74) Which layer of the uterus has both the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis?

Endometrium

75) What embryonic stage will typically implant in the uterus?

Blastocyst

76) What type of placenta is found in placental mammals?

Chorioallantoic

77) Which group of mammals will produce uterine milk to aid in nourishing the embryo/fetus?

Marsupials

78) Which type of eutherian placenta has its villi arranged into evenly spaced patches that penetrate the uterus?

Cotyledonary

79) What is the term for a neonate that is born fully furred, with functional sense, and able to walk shortly after birth?

Precocial

80) Which Monotreme family is monotypic?

Ornithorhynchidae

81) Which Tachyglossid genus is monotypic?

Tachyglossus

82) What is a feature of male platypi that is not seen in other monotremes?

Venom spur on each hindfoot

83) What is the oldest fossil monotreme?

Teinolophus trusleri

84) What is the term for the marsupial feature where the mandible is long and the lower incisors are unspecialized?

Polyprotodontic

85) What is the term for the marsupial feature where the second and third toes of the hindfoot have fused together?

Syndactylous

86) Which of the following marsupial orders is didactylous and diprotodontic?

Paucituberculata

87) What is the term for the arboreal marsupial feature where the first two digits of the forefoot oppose the other three digits?

Schizodactylous

88) Which order of the Ameridelphia is known as the "wooly possums"?

Caluromyidae

89) Which of the following marsupial orders is believed to have been outcompeted by placental shrews and are limited to those areas in South America that shrews have not yet reached?

Paucituberculata

90) Which New World marsupial order is a member of superorder Australidelphia?

Microbiotheria

91) What is the family of marsupials, within the suborder Vombatiformes, that the koala belongs to?

Phascolarctidae

92) Which order of marsupials is made up of the only extant carnivorous species?

Dasyuromorphia

93) Which order of marsupials is considered to be the most basal group with in the Australidelphia?

Dasyuromorphia

94) Which order of marsupials is made up of the marsupial moles?

Notoryctemorphia

95) Which order of marsupials is most species rich?

Diprotodontia

96) What type of placenta is found in order Permalemorphia, making them unique among marsupials in this respect?

Chorioallantoic

97) Which marsupial suborder includes the brush tailed possums, scaly tailed possum, and cuscus?

Phalangeriformes

98) Which family of marsupials is considered to be the most advanced of the kangaroo clade?

Marcopodidae

99) Which order of marsupials is known as the "bandicoots" and "Bilbies"?

Peramelemorphia

100) Which order of marsupials includes the wombat and koala?

Diprotodontia