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Population
A large group of people that you are interested in studying.
Target Population
A specific group within the population.
Sample
An even smaller group of people to complete a study on within the target population.
Random Sampling
Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being in the sample.
Volunteer Sampling
Participants choose to take part in the study by responding to an advert or invitation.
Opportunity Sampling
Participants in the sample are available and willing to take part at the time of study.
Stratified Sampling
The target population is divided into sub-groups (strata) and are then randomly sampled within those strata.
Systematic Sampling
Selecting every nth person from a list or spreadsheet to take part in the sample.
A strength of Opportunity Sampling is…
Convenient - It saves the researcher time and effort, and can be much less costly.
A weakness of Opportunity Sampling is…
Unrepresentative - The sample gathered may not completely represent the target population.
A strength of Volunteer Sampling is…
Simple - Requires minimal input from the researcher.
A weakness of Volunteer Sampling is…
Volunteer Bias - Asking for volunteers may attract specific kinds of people, and not people from the entire sample.
A strength of Random Sampling is…
No Researcher Bias - The researcher has no way to influence who is selected.
A weakness of Random Sampling is…
Consent - Not every participant chosen randomly may want to take part in the study, which makes the sample smaller.
A strength of Systematic Sampling is…
Avoids Researcher Bias - Once the selection system has been chosen, the researcher has no influence over who is in the sample.
A weakness of Systematic Sampling is…
Unrepresentative - There is a chance that the sample doesn’t fully represent the target population.
A strength of Stratified Sampling is…
Representative - As the target population are divided into strata, which are designed to accurately represent the population.
A weakness of Stratified Sampling is…
Time Consuming - Making strata and randomly selecting takes a long time to complete, and uses a lot of resources.
Note 
Flashcard (78)