Translation and the genetic code

What is a primary transcript?

non-processed RNA (ex. no splicing)

Which is longer DNA or mRNA sequence?

Prokaryotes: similar length Eukaryotes: shorter due to splicing

How many natural amino acids?

20

Using the triplet codon genetic code - how many amino acids could be coded for?

(4 agu or c)(4)(4) 64

What are the steps of translation?

1. start translation

2. elongate polypeptide chain

3. terminate the polypeptide

What gene products are need for translation?

mieratr

How many gene products foes translation require?

over 100

How many proteins/rRNAs make up large subunit?

49 ribosomal proteins + 3 rRNA molecules

How many proteins/rRNAs make up small subunit?

33 ribosomal proteins + 1 rRNA molecule

What do tRNA do?

they are the adaptors who read the code

What does aminoacyl tRNA synthetase do?

binds to amino acid and its corresponding uncharged tRNA

How flexible is base pairings between codons and anticodons?

somewhat flexible

Can you predict mRNA from protein structure

no because there are multiple amino acid possibilities

What do ribosomes do in translation?

establish a reading frame

How is eukaryotic translation start determined?

on a start codon by initiation complex

when does elongation continue to?

when a stop codon is reached

Where does initiator RNA bind on ribosome?

P

which protein terminus is synthesized first?

N to C

How do we start translation and where?

Initiator tRNA on ribosome

How do we elongate the peptide chain?

charged tRNAs on ribosome

How do we terminate the polypeptide?

stop codon and release factor