unit 6 gov

main waves of immigration

main waves of immigration

-northwestern europeans: prior to late 19th century

-southern and eastern europeans: late 19th-early 20th century

-latinx and asians: late 20th century

melting pot

mixing of cultures, ideas, people. this has changed the American dream

minority majority

the emergence of a non-white majority

politcal culture

overall set of values widely shared within a society

the regional shift

much of American population growth since WWII has been centered in the West and South

reapportionment

the process of reallocating seats int he House of Reps every 10 years based on results of the census

graying of america

aging population and social security

aging population

implications for social security

social security

pay as you go system. today’s workers pay benefits of today’s retirees

political socialization

only small amount of American’s political learning is formal, informal learning is more improtant (family, social media, education)

politcal learning over time

Aging increases political participation and the strength of party attachment, The strength of one’s party attachment also increases

poll collection

-sample

-random sampling

-sampling error

poll sample

people in the survey to be representative of the whole

random sampling

your chance of being in the poll should be just as good as anyone else

sampling error

confidence in public opinion poll findings (margin of error should be off +/-3)

good poll

random(equal change to be polled)

large sample

1000-1500

good return rate on poll

anything below 25% invalidates a poll

politicians think more about

following

bandwagoneffect distorts

election

exit polls deiscourage

voting

bandwagon effect

supporting a candidate because others dos

supporters

tool of democracy

entrance and exit polls

people poll before and after voting, who you vote for, issues you believe in, etc.

gender gap

women are more likely to vote for democratic candidates

ideologues

connect opinions and beliefs to specific party

group benefits

think of groups they like or dislike

nature of the times

if times are good or bad for them

no issue content

always vote for the same party or a candidate based only on personality

conventional participation

voting in elections, running for office, door-to doorun

unconventional participation

dramatic activities like protesting, civil disobedience, violence

class-biased activity

citizens of higher socioeconomic status participate more than others

nomination

official endorsement of candidate by the party to run for office

goal of candidates

win support of majority of delegates at National Party Convention held in year of election

McGovern-Fraser Commission of 1968

changed the system so that the people’s votes in each state decided who won the delegates

superdelegates

exception to McGovern-Fraser. party leaders automatically get a delegate vote at NPC. (Congress members, former presidents, ONLY democratic party

caucus

open meeting where individuals express their support for particular candidate

primary

traditional “election” where individuals vote for the candidate they support

frontloading

numerous states have moved their primaries or caucuses up in calendar

open primary

any person, regardless of party, can vote

closed primary

only registered voters of the party vote

super tuesday

14 states have primary or caucus, many delegates up for grabs

campaign manager

helps run a campaign

federal election campaign act of 1974

created Federal Election Commission, public financing for presidential primates and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure of funds and limited contributions

soft money

contribtions not limited toward party building expenses or generic party advertising

mccain-feingold act

BCRA bans soft moneym increased individual contribtion, limited issue ads

doctrine of sufficiency

spend enough moneyt o get a message accross to compete effectivelyini

initiative petition

enables voters in states to place proposed legislation on the ballot if they gather the required amoung of numbers on petition

referendum

form of direct legislation where voters are given chance to approve or disapprove some legislative act

primary election

voters select party nominees

general election

between nominees of parties spec

specific election

specific referendum questions 1

1800 election

first transition of power, House of reps decided

1896 election

fight over economic issues, bryan won democrratic party nomination with speeches

2008 election

change, ran on “change” targeted new demographics

15th amendment

black suffrage

19th amendment

women suffrage

26th amendment

voting age from 21 to 18

electoral college

states have electorate number based on how many in congress, majoriy of electoral votes in state win

art of ambiguity

candidates seem to say a lot but say little

retrospective voting

voters vote for candidate because they directly benefit from candidate’s policies