FHA exam 1

Information sent along a myelinated axon track can move either up or down the CNS within the same track

False

Cross-bridging is the repeated cycle of the myosin heads moving further away from the active sites on actin during a muscle contraction.

False

All synovial joints have the same basic components, including a joint capsule, articular cartilages, synovial fluid, a synovial membrane, sensory nerves, blood vessels, and accessory structures.

True

The hyoid bone articulates with which bone?

No bones

The following is true regarding joints:

The more mobile the joint, the less stable it is; limited mobility reduces the chance of injury

Abduction/adduction and flexion/extension are considered which type of movements for synovial joints?

angular

If the CNS were susceptible to a drug that should normally not affect it, this might indicate damage to the blood-brain barrier and a problem with which of the following cells?

astrocytes

_____ is a type of tissue that has a gelatinous matrix and is avascular

cartilage

Myelin in the PNS is produced by _____ cells

Schwann

In the region of L1-L2, the spinal cord…

tapers to form the conus medullaris, then separates inferiorly into the cauda equina

Tilting the chin toward the chest and then returning the head to anatomical position is an example of cervical 

flexion and extension 

The elbow is _____ to the wrist, The wrist is _____ to the shoulder.

proximal; distal

When a person is standing upright in the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face____, and the ____ plane separates the body into____ sections

anteriorly; frontal; anterior and posterior

A _____ is a painful displacement of articulating bones that temporarily deforms and immobilizes the joint 

dislocation 

The tension of a muscle when it is relaxed is called ____

muscle tone

These are needed for muscle contraction to occur:

interactions between thick and thin filaments, presence of calcium ions, presence of ATP (all of the above)  

_____ is the failure to maintain homeostatic conditions

disease

All of the following are caused by muscle atrophy except ____

increase in muscle tone

each skeletal muscle in the body begins at a(n) _____, ends at a(n) _____, and contracts to produce a specific _____.

origin, insertion, action

When lifting something heavy it is recommended to keep a straight back, let your legs do the work, and engage the muscles of the _____ region to act as antagonist muscles and decrease the risk of injury to the back. 

abdominal 

The cells which secrete acid that breaks down bone during osteolysis are called _____

osteoblasts

The following bone(s) is/are paired.

maxilla

The entire spinal cord is divided into__segments.

31

flexion

All of the paranasal sinuses are located either above, in between, or below the optic orbits and in the same frontal plane as the optic orbits

false

muscles that perform an action opposite to that of the prime movers are considered

antagonists

These neurons are part of the afferent division of the PNS

somatic and visceral sensory neurons

An athlete whose MRI shows a stress fracture of the leg has damage to the outermost covering of the bone and should refrain from their activity. If they do not, they would put themselves at risk of fracturing the next layer of bone called ____

compact bone 

_____ is a dense regular connective tissue that connects bone to bone

ligament

this vertebra is part of the cervical spine and articulates with the axis

atlas

The zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone form the zygomatic arch which is commonly called the _____

cheekbones

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system carries motor commands directly to muscles and glands?

efferent division of the peripheral nervous system 

Joints are junctions between two or more bones which may be in direct contact or separated by fibrous tissue, cartilage, or fluid

true

of the three layers that comprise the spinal meninges, the _____ is the tough, fibrous outermost layer that stabilizes the spinal cord within the vertebral canal?

dura mater

The appendicular skeleton consists of the skull, ribcage, and vertebral column 

false 

Which sequence is correct regarding the levels of anatomical organization from higher to lower complexity? 

organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, and chemical 

the eye is _____ to the ear

medial

if a body is cut along a plane that is not frontal, sagittal, or transverse, the plane would be _____

oblique 

in the adult, most red bone marrow is found in the___ bones. 

flat 

_____ give bone tensile strength 

collagen fibers 

this type of muscular tissue pulls on skeletal bones and is voluntarily contracted. 

skeletal 

A transverse view of the spinal cord reveals the horns of the gray matter. The anterior horns contain 

somatic motor nuclei 

Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the control centers responsible for processing?

central nervous system 

the three main categories of connective tissue are connective tissue prosper, fluid connective tissue, and ______

supporting connective tissue

Angular motion and rotation are movements of which type of joint?

a diarthrotic joint

The muscular system plays an important role in many physiological processes including

eating, circulation, maintaining body temperature, and elimination 

The optic orbit is made of the following bones

frontal, maximal, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and zygomatic

The bone formation known as the “Turkish saddle” on the _____ bone is where the ____ is found

sphenoid, pituitary gland

Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?

all of the above: seat of higher functions, such as intelligence, memory, learning, and emotions; receives sensory input, coordinates sensory input and motor output; integrating anf processing data

The deepest meningeal layer, known as the ____, is bound directly to the underlying neural tissue

pia mater

The protein molecule is the most predominant molecule found in the human body

false

All nervous system controlled functions of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands are controlled by the _____

automatic nervous system

The following are features of spongy bone, except….

it contains osteons

blood and lymph are examples of connective tissue proper 

false 

A is ___, B is ____

lamina; vertebral body

The _____ is the main functioning unit of muscle fibers and where the “action” takes place. It is bordered at each end by ___

sarcomere; Z lines

In the long bone, the ___ refers to the shaft, which contains yellow marrow, and the ____ refers to the areas at the distal ends.

diaphysis, epiphysis

A ___, B ___, C___

parietal; frontal; temporal 

The lumbar spine curves ___ to counterbalance the ___ curve of the ___ spines

anteriorly; posterior; thoracic and sacral

Histologically, neural tissue dominated by myelinated axons is defined as:

white matter

fibrous cartilage tissue, as found in the pads within the knee joints, in the intervertebral discs, and in the pubic symphysis resists 

true 

If you bit chicken and bone punctured the soft tissue at the anterior aspect of the roof of your mouth, eventually, it would hit the ___ bone. 

maxilla 

Flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and rotation are movements available throughout the spine. This segment has the most movement.

C3-C7

one function of neuroglia in the nervous system is to ___

act as phagocytes

The neuronal cell body usually has several branching _____, which are specialized to response to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment.

dendrites

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer make up the ___

bony nasal septum 

The ____ suture is located between left and right parietal bones

sagittal

As a person ages, if they do not engage in regular exercise, skeletal muscle fibers become less elastic and develop fibrosis, and the ability to tolerate increased exercise improves.

false