PS 205 Exam 2 Ch 6-10

"The taller you are, the faster your heart rate." This hypothesis is _____, but not

testable; experimental

Which is a falsifable statement?
a) abortion is murder
b) Human sexual orientation is exclusively determined by a person's choice
c) Members of another religion do not go to heaven
d) Nike running shoes outlast New Balance shoes

Nike running shoes outlast New Balance shoes

Deduction

is the process of reasoning from general principles to specific cases

Schachter (1959) measured affiliation using a ____ scale, since subjects selected among three categories: wait alone, wait with others, or no preference.

nominal

Russ suffers from social anxiety and participated in a 6-month study of a drug developed to treat this disorder. While the physician who provided his medication knew that Russ was in the experimental group, he did not disclose this information to Russ until the study was completed. Russ participated in a(n)

single-blind expirement

Wells and Petty (1980) told their subjects that the purpose of their experiment was to see whether headphones worked efficiently when they moved their heads, even though they were really trying to manipulate facial expressions. The researches uses a

covery story to disgusie the expiremntal hyposthesis

A swimming instructor, who was told his athletes had outstanding motor coordination and the potential to become excellent swimmers, coached them so well that they became excellent swimmers even though their motor skills were really about average. These results illustrate

experimenter bias or the rosenthal effect

Which of the following is a nonexperimental hypothesis?
a) if people are first asked a small favor, then they will be more likely to agree to a larger request
b) if people live together before marriage, then they will be more likely to divorce.
c) if people hear a news broadcast another person's generosity, then they will make large donations to charity
d) if women aerobically exercise 5 hours a week, they will reduce their risk of breast cancer

if women aerobically exercise 5 hours a week, they will reduce their risk of breast cancer

Select the hypothesis that is for experimental design.
a) if people are repressors, then they will report fewer treatment side effects
b) if people experience a nurturing attachment relationship during childhood, they will commit fewer violent crimes
c) if people take St. John's Wort daily, they will report fewer depressive symptoms.

if people take St. John's Wort daily, they will report fewer depressive symptoms.

Synthetic Statements

can be either true or false

Falsifiable means that a hypotheis is

capable of being disproved

Susan suspects that her husband is having an affair because he brought her a dozen roses, washed the dishes, and asked when her mother could visit them next. Susan's hypothesis is based on

induction

PsychINFO

is the primary resource currently used by psychologists to find journal articles

In order to conduct a psychology experiment, a researcher must create at least

two conditions

An experimenter manipulates the

indpedent variable in an experiment to assess its effect on behavior

Gabriel observes that web pages use a range of font sizes and questions how this affects readability. He reproduces an actual 250-word news report in 10, 11, and 12-point fonts. Then, he randomly assigns subjects to read the report in one of the font sizes and measures their reading comprehension. Font size is the ____ in Gabriel's experiment.

independent variable

An experimenter provided two groups of rats with different quantities of food for successfully completing the same maze. She controlled the kind of food and the amount of time the rats had access to the food. She reported that both groups committed the same number of errors in learning the maze. The number of errors was____

the dependent variable

In the Hess (1975) experiment that examined the relationship between pupil size and attractiveness, "attractiveness" was the

dependent variable

A panel of beer drinkers participated in a blind taste test in which each participant ranked craft brews from first to fifth place. Which scale of measure did the contestants use?

ordinal

Professor Smith's class was stunned. She mistakenly included questions from chapter 5 on an exam that was supposed to cover chapters 1-4. In appelling their low gardes, the students should dimplomatically question the

content validity of the exam

An experiment is internally valid if

Differences in the dependent variable are caused by changes in the independent variable

Tim prevented noise from distracting his subjects by testing them in a soundproof room. This illustrates the control technique called

elimantion

Michele ran all treatment conditions during the evening to control for the effect of time of day. Which control technique did she use?

constancy of conditions

Although James wanted to run all his subjects in his experiment by himself, he realized that he couldn't complete the experiment in time without a second experimenter. To control the experimenter's personality, he ran half the subjects in each condition and his roommate ran the other half. This strategy is called

balancing

In a double-blind experiment

Neither the subjects nor the experimenter know which treatment the subjects are receiving.

We use a control group in an experiment to

measure the dependent variable without the experimental manipulation

Jana forms matched pairs when systolic blood pressures fall within 5 mm Hg in order to create treatment groups that are equivalent on this variable. Which form of matching does this illustrate?

range matching

In Jason's study of the effect of the magnitude of reward, he randomly assigned dogs to groups that received one, two, or three cubes of cheddar cheese as reward and measured the time it took each group to complete a tracking course over five trials. What design did Jason use?

multiple independent groups

The principle difference between a factorial experiment and a two-group experiment is that a factorial design

has more than one independent variable

How many main effects are possible in a 2X3X2 factorial design?

three

The advantage of using more than one independent variable in the same experiment is that

we can study the interaction between the variables.

Which of these describes an interaction?
a) Men consume more crackers than women
b) Men consume the most crackers in the presence of women
c) subjects consume more crackers in the presence of a member of the opposite sex
d) Subject sex affects the number of crackers consumed

Men consume the most crackers in the presence of women

A 2X2 between subjects factorial experiment contains

four treatment groups

In an experiment with a 4X2 design

the first factor has four treatment levels

A 2X2X2 factorial design has

three independent variables, each with two levels

In a line graph of a 2x2 factorial design, parallel lines indicate

no interaction