IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes - Organic Chemistry

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20 Terms

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1 Carbon

meth

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2 Carbons

eth

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3 Carbons

prop

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4 Carbons

but

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5 Carbons

pent

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6 Carbons

hex

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7 Carbons

hept

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8 Carbons

oct

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9 Carbons

non

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10 Carbons

dec

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2 Substituent Groups

di-

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3 Substituent Groups

tri-

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4 Substituent Groups

tetra-

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5 Substituent Groups

penta-

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6 Substituent Groups

hexa-

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7 Substituent Groups

hepta-

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8 Substituent Groups

octa-

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Common Alkane Groups

  • Common Formula: CnH2n+2

1) Methane: CH4

2) Ethane: C2H6

3) Propane: C3H8

4) Butane: C4H10

5) Isobutane: C4H10 (branched)

<ul><li><p>Common Formula: C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></p></li></ul><p>1) Methane: CH<sub>4</sub></p><p>2) Ethane: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub></p><p>3) Propane: C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub></p><p>4) Butane: C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub></p><p>5) Isobutane: C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10 </sub>(branched)</p>
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Alkyl Group

  • Formed by the removal of H from alkane chain

  • Naming: replace -ane with -yl

  • Prefix -iso for constitutional isomers that are branched

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Carbon Structures [4]

  • Primary: most reactive

  • Quaternary: least reactive

1) Primary: Carbon attached to 1 other carbon

2) Secondary: Carbon attached to 2 other carbons

3) Tertiary: Carbon attached to 3 other carbons

4) Quaternary: Carbon attached to 4 other carbons