Biology - Diversity of Organisms

whole chapter summarised into active recall type questions!

List the 5 kingdoms of living things

1. Monera

2. protista

3. fungus

4. plant

5. animal

What are the key features of living things from the Monera kingdom? (3)

they are simple and unicellular. they are fed by many methods and are prokaryotic (do not contain membrane bound organelle)

What are the features of living things from the Protista Kingdom? (3)

they are complex and unicellular . they are fed by many methods. they are eukaryotic

what is the main difference between organisms from the protista kingdom and the monera kingdom .

organisms from the monera kingdom are prokaryotic while organisms from the protista kingdom are eurokaryotic.

What are the features of living things from the fungus kingdom (3)

heterotrophic , multicellular (except for yeast which is unicellular), eukaryotic.

What are the features of living things from the plant kingdom (3)

autotrophic , eukaryotic , multicellular organisms

What are the features of living things from the Animal Kingdom (3)

heterotrophic , multicelluar organisms , eukaryotic

give an example of an organism from the Monera Kingdom

Bacteria

give an example of an organism from the protista kingdom

amoeba

the type of bacteria is based on its shaped. list the 3 types of bacteria

1. spherical

2. rod

3. spiral

Describe the structure of Bacteria (6)

1. simple cellular structure

2. contain flagella for movement

3. contain capsule , cell wall and cell membrane

4. prokaryotic

5. contain DNA and plasmids

6. contain ribosomes

what is the function of the plasmid in the bacteria cell

remembers information about antibiotics

what is an endospore?

an endospore is a tough outer coat on a bacteria produced by spores in unfavourable conditions/

what is the function of endospores

endospores resist high temperatures and lack of water helping the bacteria survive in unfavourable conditions

what is the process called in which bacteria reproduces asexually

Binary Fission

autotrophic bacteria can make there own food . name the two ways in which bacteria can make its own food

1. photosynthetically

2. chemosynthetically

some bacteria are heterophic meaning the can’t make there own food. they are known as saprophytes what does this mean

it means they feed of dead and decaying material

explain the term symbiotes

2 organisms live together and atleast 1 benefits

parasitism

a living organism living of another living organism causing it harm

explain the term mutualism in relation to bacteria

when both the host and the bacteria benefit

explain the term commensalism in relation to bacteria

the bacteria benefits with no harm to the host

List the 5 limiting factors for bacteria (factors that effect reproduction/growth)

1. temperature

2. space

3. PH

4. food

5. oxygen

what is an obligate anaerobe

bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen e.g. botulinum

what is a facultative Anaerobe

bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

what is an obligate aerobe

bacteria that can only survive in the presence of oxygen

what is the name for disease causing bacteria (they are mostly parasites)

pathogenic bacteria

name two types of fungi

1. rhizopous

2. yeast

rhizopus is a saprophyte true or false

true

what is the function of the spore in the Rhizopus

reproduction

what is the function of the sporangium in the rhizopus

holds the spores

what is the function of the sporangeophore in the rhizopus

holds up the sporangium

what is the function of the Stolon in the Rhizopus

spreads the fungus across the food surfaces

what is the function of the Rhizoids in the rhizopus

anchors the fungus

how does rhizopus get its nutrition

by releasing enzymes into bread breaking it into a simpler substance which can be absorbed by the fungus where it is used for respiration and growth

explain how fungus reproduce asexually

this occurs in favourable conditions and is the common method of reproduction for fungi. the sporangium produce spores by mitosis . when the spores are released by bursting through the sporangium , they land on the bread where they germinate into hyphae which develop into mycelium (a group of hyphae is known as mycelium)

explain how sexual reproduction of fungus happens (5steps)

1. hyphae from opposite strains grow closer together producing gametes

2. the two strains touch breaking down the walls between them

3. fertilisation occurs between the gametes forming a diploid zygote

4. the zygote produce a thick outer coat on the outside to protect it from unfavourable conditions and help it to survive

5. when conditions are favourable the zygospore germinates by meiosis and a hyphae grows out of the zygote . it produces a sporangium at the top. the sporangium by mitosis

what is the function of the contractile vacuole in the ameoba

the contractile vacuole regulates the amount of water let into the amoeba preventing the cell from bursting