CNA Unit 3

Aspiration

the inhalation of food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs.

Atrophy

weakening or wasting away of muscles.

Body Mechanics

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves.

Chemical Restraint

medications used to control a person's mood or behavior.

Combustion

the process of burning.

Contracture

the permanent and painful shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament that can restrict movement.

Cyanosis

blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood.

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing.

Flammable

easily ignited and capable of burning quickly.

Hoarding

collecting and putting things away in a guarded way.

Intravenous Therapy

the delivery of medication, nutrition, or fluids through a person's vein.

PASS

acronym for use of a fire extinguisher; stands for Pull-Aim-Squeeze-Sweep.

Physical Restriant

any method, device, material, or equipment that restricts a person's freedom of movement.

RACE

acronym for steps taken during a fire; stands for Rescue-Activate-Contain-Extinguish

Restraint

a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior.

Restraint Alternative

measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint.

Restraint-Free Care

an environment in which restraints are not kept or used for any reason.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

sheet that provides information on the safe use of and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested.

Scalds

burns caused by hot liquids.

Suffocation

the stoppage of breathing from a lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that may result in unconsciousness or death.

1. What important information does the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provide about chemicals?

Safety Data Sheets provide information about "the chemical ingredients of the product, the dangers of the product, the protective items to wear when using the chemical, the correct method of using and cleaning up a chemical, the emergency response actions to be taken when a chemical is splashed,etc. by a person, and the safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures for the product."

2. What should be disposed of in a biohazard container or bag?

Sharp objects and infectious waste should be disposed of in biohazard containers.

3. Should objects be held close to the body or far away from the body when lifting or carrying them?

Objects should be help far away from the body when lifting or carrying them.

4. When lifting, is it better to bend at the waist or at the knees?

Bend at the knees

5. Why was restraint use restricted?

Restraints were overused by caregivers and the residents were injured.

6. What are restraint alternatives?

Restraint Alternatives are measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint.

7. When can a restraint be applied?

When ordered by the physician/doctor.

8. List six signs to report to a nurse about intravenous (IV) therapy.

1. The needle or catheter has fallen out or moves out of the vein.

2. The armboard or handboard becomes loose.

3. The tubing is disconnected.

4. Blood appears in the tubing.

5. The IV fluid in the bag or container is gone or almost gone.

6. The IV fluid is not dripping, is leaking, or the bag breaks.

9. What three things need to be present for a fire to occur?

Heat, Fuel, and Oxygen.

10. Identify what the acronyms RACE and PASS stand for.

RACE:

R: Rescue

A: Activate

C: Contain

E: Extinguish

PASS:

P: Pull

A: Aim

S: Squeeze

S: Sweep

11. If a fire has started, what should the nursing assistant do before opening a closed door?

Check for the heat coming from the door before opening it.

12. List two general safety steps to protect residents in a facility.

1. If any visitor or staff member makes you uneasy, do not leave a resident alone with the person.

2. If you notice anything suspicious, report it immediately.

13. The most common accidents that occur in a healthcare facility are

B. Falls

14. The best position for a resident to be in while eating is

A. Sitting upright

15. Which of the following promotes a more stable base of support?

C. Standing with the feet shoulder-width apart

16. Which of the following is the best thing that a nursing assistant can do to help promote oxygen safety?

C. Removing flammable liquids from the resident's room

Abdominal Thrusts

a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking.

Cardiac Arrest

sudden stopping/cessation of the heartbeat.

Code Team

group of people chosen for a particular shift to respond to resident emergencies.

Conscious

having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts.

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

medical procedures used when a person's heart and lungs have stopped working.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from un-diagnosed diabetes, infection, not enough insulin, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), eating too much, not getting enough exercise, and stress.

Emesis

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose.

Epistaxis

a nosebleed.

Expressive Aphasia

difficulty communicating through speech or writing.

First Aid

care given to an injured person by the first people to respond to an emergency.

Hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body.

Hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body.

Hyperglycemia

high blood glucose (blood sugar).

Hypoglycemia

low blood glucose (blood sugar); also known as insulin reaction or insulin shock.

Insulin Reaction

a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia or insulin shock.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

a condition in which blood flow to the heart is blocked and muscle cells die; also called heart attack.

Obstructed Airway

a condition in which the tube through which air enters the lungs is blocked.

Receptive Aphasia

difficulty understanding spoken or written words.

Respiratory Arrest

stopping/cessation of breathing.

Shock

a condition that occurs when there is decreased blood flow to organs and tissues.

Syncope

temporary loss of consciousness; also called fainting.

1. List the two steps to follow in an emergency after making sure the area is safe and putting on gloves.

1. Assess the situation

2. Assess the victim

2. What is the difference between respiratory and cardiac arrest?

Respiratory arrest is when your breathing stops. Cardiac arrest is when your heart stops beating.

3. How soon can brain damage occur after the heart stops beating and breathing stops?

Within 4 to 6 minutes.

4. In what position should a person be placed if he is in shock?

The person should be lying down on their back with their feet elevated.

5. If blood seeps through the first pad over a wound, should the first pad be removed before applying a second pad?

No, you should keep adding more pads and not remove them.

6. If a person feels faint and is sitting down, what should the nursing assistant do?

Tell the person to bend forward and put their head between their knees.

7. After putting on gloves, what should a nursing assistant do for a person who has a nosebleed?

Apply pressure on both sides of the nose near the bridge and squeeze the sides with your thumb and forefinger. Apply pressure until the bleeding stops.

8. What symptoms are women more likely to experience than men if they are having an MI?

Shortness of breath, Pressure or pain in the lower chest or upper abdomen, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, pressure in the upper back, or extreme fatigue. Some symptoms may be more flu-like.

9. What are the first signs that a resident is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?

Increased hunger, thirst, or urination as well as abdominal pain, deep or labored breathing, and sweet or fruity breath.

10. What are the three things a nursing assistant should never do when a person is having a seizure?

Lower the person to the floor, loosen clothing, and attempt to turn him to one side in order to lower the risk of choking.

11. What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A Transient Ischemic Attack is the warning sign of a CVA (stroke).

12. During an emergency, what does the term Code Blue usually mean?

Cardiac Arrest

13. List five examples of disasters.

1. Fire

2. Flood

3. Earthquake

4. Hurricane

5. Tornado or severe weather

14. What document will need to be completed after an emergency occurs?

A. Incident Report

15. Which of the following is appropriate to apply to a minor burn?

D. Water

16. When a resident is choking, but can speak, cough, or breathe, what should the nursing assistant do?

B. The NA should encourage the person to cough as forcefully as possible.

17. What is the medical term for vomiting?

D. Emesis

18. What color is the skin if it is cyanotic?

C. Blue