Module 1: Introduction to Computer Hardware and Software

Computer System

______ is composed of hardware and software

Input
Process
Store
Output

The computer system deals with the four basic functions of computer which are:

Computer Hardware

Physical and tangible component of the computer system

System Unit
Peripherals

Two main categories of computer hardware

System Unit (Motherboard, CPU, Memory)

Holds the primary devices that perform operations

Motherboard

Contains CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial, parallel, and USB ports, and all the controllers needed to control standard peripheral devices.

motherboard’s chipset

Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the ________

CPU

The brain of the computer

Memory

Enables a computer to store , at least temporarily, data and programs

Peripherals

The external devices (input and output devices) which allow the users to communicate with the computer system and vice versa

Input Devices

Allows users to provide data and instructions to the computer system

Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Scanner
Web Camera

Examples of Input Devices

Keyboard

It allow users to input data

Keyboard

It also allow users to give instructions with the use of special keys or short cut keys

Wireless
Ergonomic
Gaming

Types of Keyboard:

Mouse

Another common input device that allow users to provide instructions

Wired
Wireless
Optical
Trackball

Types of Mouse:

Microphone

Captures audio by converting the received sound waves into electrical signals

Dynamic
Condenser
Ribbon

Types of Microphone:

Scanner

Captures images from printed pictures or books and convert it to digital formats

Flatbed
Sheet-fed
Handheld

Types of Scanner:

Web Camera

Captures pictures and videos

Web Camera

Commonly used for online meeting, conference or just for chatting

Web Camera

Nowadays, computers has its own built-in _______

Output Devices

Provide readable responds from the computer system

Output Devices

It can be in a form of sound, video, image or text.

Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Projector

Examples of Output Devices:

Monitor

The required output device in the computer system

Monitor

Allows users see what the computer system is doing

CRT
LCD
LED

Types of Monitor:

Printer

Provide hard copy output

Laser
Wireless
Dot matrix
3D

Types of Printer:

Speaker

Provide audio output

sound card

The signal used to have the sound is created by the _______

Projector

Projects images

Online/offline discussions
Video presentations
Watching movies in a bigger screen

Projector can be used for multimedia presentations such as:

Software

The intangible component of the computer system. Can be used for free or need to purchased a license to use it

Software

The set of instructions that the user need to use to ask computer what to do

System software
Application software
Developmental software

Types of software:

System Software

Designed to run computer’s hardware and application programs. Essential for a computer to function properly

Operating system
Device drivers
Utilities

Types of System Software:

Operating system

Most important type of system software which controls how the hardware works

Microsoft windows
macOS
Linux

Most common OS are _____, _______, _______

File management
Process scheduling
Memory management
Error detection
Security

Operating system important tasks:

Device Drivers

Programs that enable a computer to communicate with its peripherals

Device Drivers

It is the software installed if you plug a new device with your computer system

Printer driver software
Scanner driver software
Windows drivers

Types of device drivers:

Utilities or Utility Programs

are programs that generally concerning optimal maintenance operation of the computer system

Utilities or Utility Programs

It helps the OS to manage, organize, maintain and optimize the function of the computer system

Antivirus
Compression tools
Disk cleanup tools
Disk defragmenter
Backup utility

Types of utilities:

Development Software

Software used for the development of the software from its development up to testing

Programming languages
Scripting languages
Quality assurance tools

Types of development software:

Programming languages

A way for programmers to communicate with computers

Programming languages

Consist of set of rules that allows values to be converted into machine code

Procedural programming languages
Functional programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages

Types of programming languages:

C
Pascal
FORTRAN

Procedural programming languages

Haskell
Lisp
Scala

Functional programming languages

Java
Python
C++

Object-oriented programming languages

Scripting languages

A language that is interpreted rather than compiled

Scripting languages

Designed for integrating and communicating with other programming languages

js
JavaScript
Perl
Ruby
Python

Examples of scripting languages:

Quality assurance tools

Helps companies in managing the quality processes of the software development

Quality assurance tools

Software testing tools are examples of these software

Application Software

Type of computer program that performs a specific personal, educational and business function

Application Software

Designed to help end-users in accomplishing a variety of tasks which may be related to productivity, creativity and/or communication

Professional Tools
Educational Software
Entertainment Software
Reference Software
Social Media Software
Business Software
Productivity Software

Types of application software: