American Pageant Chapter 2

3 European Powers and their Settlements

The Spanish in Santa Fe in 1610

The French in Quebec in 1608
The English in Jamestown in 1607

King Henry VIII

broke from the roman catholic church in 1530s, launching protestant reformation

Protestant Reformation

16th century religious movement that challenged RCC practices/rules

Ireland Religion

catholic; sought help from Spain but was crushed by Elizabeth’s troops 
site of religious conflict

Elizabeth I

English buccaneers

promoted protestantism by seizing Spanish ships and raiding their settlements

Francis Drake

Roanoke Island

first English attempt at colonization by Raleigh in 1585 in NC
eventually a failed expedition, vanished

Invincible/Spanish Armada

1588 - fleet of ships sent by Phillip II to invade England to combat protestantism, Spain lost fight

Effect of Spanish Armada

The defeat of Spain emboldened England, and shot down Spain’s dream 

turning point

Spain’s Decline

Lost the Armada, Spanish Netherlands(Holland) got independence, and they would lose a lot of Caribbean land

English/Spanish Treaty

1604

English State Before Colonization

1550-1600 - Population grew by a million

No farming space
Econ. depression left wool traders unemployed

English Motives for Colonization

Nationalism

Peace
Population
Unemployment
Funding
Religion

Primogeniture

only eldest sons could inherit landed estates

forced Raleigh, Drake, etc to find fortune elsewhere

Joint Stock Company

pooled capital from multiple investors to share financial burden

Virginia Company

JSC that got charter from James I for settlement in New World to get gold and find route to Indies

Charter

granted colonists same rights as if they stayed in England

150 years - felt too involved, no longer wanted, strove for independence

Jamestown

1607- First english settlement
many downsides: mosquitos, disease, starvation, bad voyage

region was resourceful, but men obsessed over gold instead of doing labor

Captain John Smith

“he who shall not work shall not eat”

was going to be executed by Powhatans, Pocahontas saved him representing native want for peace power

Pocahontas

Powhatan Confederacy

alliance of many virginian Algonquian speaking tribes that had a complex relationship with Jamestown

First Anglo-Powhatan War

Cause: De la Warr announced war and used irish tactics like burning houses and raiding villages
Ended: Peace settlement and marriage of Pocahantes and John Rolfe

2nd AP War

1644

deadly fights had continued between

Virginian Indian State post Jamestown

1669 - 10% of original native population in Virginia remained

1685 - Powhatans considered extinct

Three D’s

reason of Powhatan Death
DISEASE: smallpox and measles
DISORGANIZATION: confederacy not very united

DISPOSABILITY: no importance to English, just took up land

Disposability of Indians

Jamestown: Indians served no econ function, English grew their own crops, and Indians took up land that they wanted
Spanish: could use them labor and metal trade

Effects On Indians

introduced to guns and horses

disease killed culture and groups

gun trade caused Indian on Indian wars

Inland Natives

had more power due to more time to prepare
Europe actually relied on them sometimes(France)

John Rolfe

Husband of Pocahantas
Introduced tobacco to VA saving the econ

Tobacco Effect

led to desire for land

ruined soil

required plantation system and labor, set up slave trade

House of Burgesses

first democratically elected legislatively assembly in British NA, established in VA in 1619

led to royal distrust

James I Relation to VA

Hated tobacco
distrusted HOB

revoked charter in 1624, VA became royal colony

Indigenous 

Maryland

4th established colony, founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore to be a refugee for catholics

England: persecution to catholics occuring

MD Economy

Based on tobacco
Relied on labor of mainly indentured servants
MD and VA wouldn’t get mass amounts of black salves till late 17th century

Indentured Servants

People who payed off voyage through years of labor

Action of Toleration

1649 - ensured religious freedom to all christians in MD

still killed jews/athiests

Poor Man’s Crop

could be planted easily and needed simple processing
ex. tobacco

Sugar

rich man’s crop
had to be planted extensively which needed a lot space, capital, and labor
only wealthy people could grow

West Indies

Islands located in the Caribbean Sea like the Bahamas

African Diaspora

the vast scattering of African peoples in the New World in the 3.5 centuries following Columbus’s discovery

Barbados Slave Code

Established in 1661, was a set of laws for slaves that stripped them of basic rights

Carolinas Creation

West Indies relied so much on sugar, had no other economy
Smaller farmers forced out of WI due to sugar barons controlling all
They came to Carolina in 1670 alongside slaves
Charles II gave 8 court favorites power

Restoration Period

Carolina’s Economy

Many came from Barbados so heavy african slave trade

Indian Slaves
Rice

Charlestown

Diverse, strong, wealthy

Spanish View on Carolina

In Florida, Spain got mad protestantism was so close by
Anglo-Spanish Wars occurred but Carolina was too strong

Who made up NC?

squatters

poverty-stricken outcasts

religious dissenters

Squatters

people with no rights to soil, little need for slaves

When did Carolinas separate?

1712

North Carolina’s people

developed anti-authority spirit, grew tobacco on small farms, and had less enslaved people

Carolina’s Relation with Natives

bad relation with natives

Tuscarora War-NC

Yamasee- CC
Cherokee, Creeks, and Iroquois could handle Europe

Iroquois Confederacy

alliance of 5 native tribes: Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagas, Cayugas, and Senecas

Georgia

Last colony, founded in 1733

created to act as a buffer and protect the Carolinas against Spain in Florida and the French in Louisiana

all christians except catholics were tolerated

Georgia’s Relation to the Crown

only colony to recieve monetary subsidies from the British government

Who created Georgia?

launched by philanthropists who wanted to protect other colonies, produce silk/wine, be slave-free, and be a haven for debtors.
Led by Oglethorpe

Georgia Economy

grew slow due to small plantation economy from bad climate, small amount of slavery, and constant Spanish attacks.

Plantation Economies

MD, VA, NC, SC, GA
plantation based, exported stable crops

some tolerance but Anglican dominant
politically united by self governance