TFN Prelims

Florence Nightingale

The founder of the Nursing profession and a nurse who contributed to developing and shaping the modern nursing practice.

Curriculum Era

(1900 - 1940) Where theories incorporation into School Curriculum and had an emphasis on addressing what prospective nurses should study to be a nurse.

Research Era

(1950 - 1970) Emphasis on the role of nurses and what to research which created means & ways to make things ‘faster‘.

Graduate Era

(1950 - 1970) Coexisted with Research Era but emphasis on advanced nursing development.

Theory Era

(1980 - 1990) Outgrowth of Research Era and had an emphasis on many ways to think about nursing and guides on nursing research and practice.

Theory Utilization Era

(21st Century) Put the theories into use / practice.

Theory

Set of ideas or beliefs happened before that is needed to be explained.

1. Own insight
2. No known studies conducted
3. End result

3 Factors of Theory

Eva Mozes-Kor

One of the twins in the Holocaust Experiment.

May 1944

When did Eva and her family arrived at the Concentration Camp in Auschwitz?

Dr. Josef Mengele

Known as the “Angel of Death“ who performed experiments on twins.

Aryan master race

What race did Dr. Mengele wish to increase of birthrate with regards to the Holocaust Experiment.

Monday-Wednesday-Friday

Days when Eva, Miriam, and other twins were put into a room where they would measure every part of their body and compare it with charts lasting for about 8 hours per day.

Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday

Days when Eva and others were taken to a blood lab.

Left Arm

Taken a lot of blood.

Right Arm

Injected with a minimum of 5 injections.

January 12, 1945

Eva and Miriam were liberated from the Soviet Army.

Nazi

Political Party led and lined with Hitler.

Adolf Hitler

The leader of the Nazi and the one who ordered Dr. Mengele to conduct the Holocaust Experiment.

Dr. Hans Munch

A Nazi doctor at Auschwitz who witnessed the selection process and gassing of thousands of innocent people.

Declaration of Amnesty

A Letter of Forgiveness from Eva to the Nazi Doctors.

Miriam’s First Pregnancy

When did Miriam developed severe kidney infections that did not respond to any antibiotics?

Miriam’s Second Pregnancy

When did Miriam and Eva find out Miriam’s kidney never grew larger than the size of a 10-years-old child’s.

Miriam’s Third Pregnancy

When did Miriam’s kidney deteriorated?

1987

Miriam’s kidney failed and Eva donated one of her kidneys to her twin.

1988

When did Miriam develop a cancerous polyps in her bladder.

June 06, 1993

When did Miriam die?

August 1993

When did Eva arrived at Dr. Munch’s home in Germany?

1995

When did Eva ask Dr. Munch to go with her back in Auschwitz and wanted him to sign a document about what happened in the gas chamber at Auschwitz?

Documentation of the Gas Chambers

What letter did Eva asked Dr. Munch to sign about the gas chamber in Auschwitz?

Holocaust Twin Experiment

Performed experiment on twins to discover how to increase the birthrate of Aryan master race.

Romanian

What is Eva and Miriam’s nationality?

1985

When did Eva and Miriam talked again about the Auschwitz?

When did Eva ask Miriam if she remembered what happened to her when Eva went to the hospital?

She became very ill

What happened to Eva after one of the injections given to her that caused her high fever, swollen legs and arms and had a huge red parts all over her body?

She was under a Nazi Doctor’s Supervision 24 hours a day

What happened to Miriam when Eva was sent to the hospital?

That she has only two weeks to live

What did Mengele said to Eva when she was sent to the hospital?

She was taken back to the lab and injected with many injections

After two weeks when Mengele said Eva would die, what happened to Miriam?

After three weeks

How long did it take for Eva’s chart to show "‘normal’?

Auschwitz

Largest of the Nazi concentration and death camps located in Germany.

1934

Year when Eva and Miriam was born

Level of Nursing Expertise

Self-actualization of being a nurse.

Also known as the “Novice-to-Expert“ Theory.

Patricia Benner

Who conceptualized a theory called “Level of Nursing Expertise“?

Novice

First Step/Level of Benner’s Theory

RN or Registered Nurse

Minimum requirement or qualification of a Novice

Bachelor’s Degree or College Graduate

Minimum Level of Academic Attainment of a Novice

0 year

Years of Experience of a Novice

The “tell me what to do and I’ll do it“ level

Other name of Novice Level

Advanced Beginner

Second Step/Level of Benner’s Theory

Bachelor’s Degree

Minimum Educational Attainment of an Advanced Beginner

1 year

Work Experience of an Advanced Beginner

Competent

Third Step/Level of Benner’s Theory

2-3 years

Work Experience for a Competent

Proficient

Fourth Step/Level of Benner’s Theory

Master’s Degree

Educational Attainment of a Proficient

MAN

Nursing Masters Degree that is purely academe

MSN

Nursing Masters Degree that is Clinical / Bedside

5-6 years

Work Experience of a Proficient

Expert

Fifth Step/Level of Benner’s Theory

8 years

Work Experience of an Expert

Art of Anticipation

Specific Nurse Skill of an Expert

A nurse already knows what to do without asking for their Senior Nurse or Doctors.

What is “Art of Anticipation“?

Environmental Theory

Act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him/her in his/her recovery.

Pure Fresh Air

One of the Environmental Factors wherein the importance of ventilation is emphasized.

Water

One of the Environmental Factors wherein uncontaminated water used for drinking / cleansing is recognized.

Light

One of the Environmental Factors wherein daylight is a critical determinant of human health and wellness.

Effective Drainage

One of the Environmental Factors wherein discovery of elimination of radioactive substances are introduced.

Cleanliness

One of the Environmental Factors wherein the surroundings of the patient should be clean and clear of dirt and dust.

Urination

Elimination of substances through Urine

Defacation

Elimination of substances through Feces

Environment to Patient

One of the Three Major Relationship in Environmental Theory where the environment is the main factor of patient’s illness.

Nurse to Environment

One of the Three Major Relationship in Environmental Theory where the nurse needs to manipulate the environment to enhance patient’s recovery.

Nurse to Patient

One of the Three Major Relationship in Environmental Theory where the cooperation and collaboration with the nurse and the patient is present.