PCOL 2 (LEC): Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones [PT 3]

1. somatostatin analogues

2. dopamine agonists

3. growth hormone receptor antagonist

treatments for growth hormone excess

1. SA

2. DA

3. GHRA

inhibitory

somatostatin is a general i___ hormone

1. octreotide

2. lanreotide

drugs under somatostatin analogues

1. o___

2. l___

somatostatin analogues 

this class of drug is also used for carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma, VIPoma, and ACTH-secreting tumor, diarrhea (secretory, HIV associated, diabetic, chemotherapy, or radiation induced) and portal hypertension

1. bromocriptine

2. cabergoline

3. quinagolide

drugs under dopamine agonists

1. b___

2. c___

3. q___

prolactin

growth hormone is co-secreted with?

pegvisomant 

drug under growth hormone receptor agonist

1. p___

pegvisomant

this drug increases in liver enzymes without liver failure

• increases

• without

pegvisomant decreases/increases in liver enzymes with/without liver failure

bromocriptine and cabergoline

2 dopamine agonists that ergot derivatives

quinagolide

dopamine agonist that is not an ergot derivative

mecasermin

this drug is a recombinant human IGF-I

mecasermin

this drug is for IGF-I deficiency that is not responsive to exogenous GH

subcutaneous

mecasermin is administered via?

hypoglycemia

significant adverse effect of mecasermin is?

• carbohydrate-containing

• 20 minutes

remedy for hypoglycemic adverse effect of mecasermin

• consume c___-containing meal or snack ___ minutes before or after administration

stimulant

is gonadotropin-releasing hormone a stimulant or inhibitor?

• gonadotropins:

  • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

  • luteinizing hormone (LH)

2 anterior pituitary hormones under gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

follicle-stimulating hormone

gonadotropin that stimulates ovarian follicle development

luteinizing hormone

gonadotropin that induce ovulation and luteinization of theca and granulosa cells

ovulation

this refers to the release of the mature egg from a follicle

follicle

this releases estrogen (follicular phase)

corpus luteum

this secretes estrogens and progesterone (luteal phase)

follicle-stimulating hormone

gonadotropin that is the primary regulator of spermatogenesis

follicle-stimulating hormone

gonadotropin that maintains high local androgen concentrations in the vicinity of developing sperm by stimulating the production of androgen-binding protein in Sertoli cells

• androgen

• Sertoli

follicle-stimulating hormone maintains high local a___ concentrations in the vicinity of developing sperm by stimulating the production of androgen-binding protein in S___ cells

luteinizing hormone

gonadotropin that stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells

• FSH - Sertoli

• LH - Leydig

FSH - ___ cells

LH - ___ cells

menotropins

this gonadotropic product is aka human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG)

human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG)

menotropins is aka?

menotropins

gonadotropin product that is the purified extract of FSH and LH

menotropins

gonadotropin product that is extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women

urofollitropin

gonadotropin product that is aka uFSH

urofollitropin

gonadotropin product that is a purified preparation of human FSH extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women

1. follitropin alfa

2. follitropin beta

recombinant forms of urofollitropin

1. FA

2. FB

lutropin alfa

gonadotropin product that is the first and only recombinant form of human LH

• ovulation

• infertility

• hypogonadism

gonadotropin products are used to:

• stimulate o___ in women with functioning ovaries (controlled ovarian stimulation)

• manage i___ due to h___ in men

• headache, depression, edema

• ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

• multiple pregnancy

• gynecomastia

ADEs of gonadotropin products 

• for both male and female: h___, d___, e___

• women: ovarian h___ syndrome, m___ pregnancy

• men: g___

• end in -relin

• leuprolide

GnRH analogues end in -___ except for l___

stimulatory (↑ FSH and LH release)

GnRH analogues effect when used intermittently - stimulatory or inhibitory?

inhibitory (↓ FSH and LH release)

GnRH analogues effect when used continuously - stimulatory or inhibitory?

intermittent 

GnRH analogues - intermittent or continuous? 

• used in hypothalamic hypogonadism (female/male infertility)

continuous

GnRH analogues - intermittent or continuous? 

• used in controlled ovarian hyper stimulation, hormone-sensitive cancer (i.e., breast CA, endometrial CA, prostate CA), endometriosis