Medical Botany ch1

Over 25% of prescription drugs in the US contain plant extracts or phytochemicals. why?

cost of testing too high

testing consumes much time

Not all potential medicinal plants are acknowledged as valuable

At least … drugs are derived from … plant species

122 nd 94

Medicinal plants provide cost-effective means of primary health care to millions of people around the world

TRUE, an example herbal medicine in China

Who leads the world in consumer sales of functional foods and dietary supplements?

USA

example of dietary supplement

green tea

a modern trend in herbal product development is toward…?

functional foods and dietary supplements

Aspirin comes from the extracts of what plant?

white willow trees (Salix alba)

Who used willow for the treatment of fever and chills during the 18th century?

Rev. Edward Stone

Who isolated salicin, a glycoside, in the 1800’s?

J. Buchner

What was salicin initially used for?

rheumatic fever, gout, rhematoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis

Who discovered aspirin?

Felix Hoffman, chemist

the name aspirin is based on ‘a’ for…

acetylsalicylic acid

‘spirin’ is based for

Spirea (other plant source)

What is salicylic acid (oxidized form) used for today?

various skin ailments

Aspirin is valued for what 3 properties?

anti-inflammatory

antipyretic

analgesic

another name for Taxol/ Onxal

Paclitaxel

Taxol come from what part of the plant?

the bark

taxol/onxal comes from what plant

Pacific Yew (taxus brevifolia)

conifer

Type of properties in Taxol?

antitumor properties

type of drug?

an anticancer drug

Taxol is used in the treatment of…

breast and ovarian cancers

What type of plant is Warfarin?

a sweet clover plant

Another name for Warfarin

Coumadin

And what family does it come from?

Fabaceae

What can be synthesized from coumarins (chemical compound)

warfarin

Warfarin is a …

anti-coagulant/ blood thinner

Warfarin is used to prevent what?

blood clots

This medication is usually administered to people that have had…

a stroke or heart attack

The first 4 letter of warfarin stand for?

W- isconsin

A-lumni

R- esearch

F-und

Vincristine and Vinblastine are what?

2 diff compounds but come from same plant

Rosy periwinkle/ Caranthus roseus

vincristine/ vinblastine

Where do the chemical compounds come from in rosy periwinkle?

the leaves

Vincristine/ vinblastine are used for which ailment?

treatment of childhood leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, breast cancer, sarcoma

What 2 compounds are alkaloids?

vincristine/ vinblastine

Another name for coartem

Chinese Artemisia (Wormwood)

scientific name for coartem

Artemisia annua

Wormwood is used for?

cerebral malaria

main chemical compound for Chinese artemisia

artemisinin

Who invented coartem?

Zhou Yiqing

Who approved coartem as an anti-malarial drug in 2009?

USA