Facial Bones and Orbits Positioning with Images

rim (base)

outer circular portion of the orbits

apex

posterior portion of the orbits

37°

the orbits are located how many degrees from MSP

frontal, maxilla, zygoma

what bones form the circular base of the orbits?

5

how many cranial bones make up the orbits?

2

how many facial bones make up the orbits?

frontal

which bone makes up the roof of the orbits?

perpendicular through outer canthus

where does the CR enter in a lateral orbit projection?

entire orbits

what is visible in a lateral orbit projection?

lateral orbits

name the projection

30° caudad

what is the tube angulation and in which direction for an exaggerated caldwell projection?

below inferior margin of orbits

where are the petrous portions located in an exaggerated caldwell?

pa axial projection exaggerated caldwell

name the projection

foramen rotundum

what foramen is visible in an exaggerated caldwell?

chin touches bucky, nose ¾ away from IR

what is the pateint’s position in a modified waters for orbits?

50°

what degree does OML make with the IR in a modified waters for orbits?

perpendicular through mid-orbits

where does the CR enter for a modified waters for orbits?

below orbital floor

where are the petrous portions in a modified waters for orbits?

AML and MSP

what two positioning lines do we use for the rhese method?

53°

what degree is MSP in the rhese method?

perpendicular

in the rhese method, AML is what?

perpendicular to midpoint of downside orbit (1” superior and posterior to TEA)

where does the CR enter for rhese method?

modified waters for orbits

name the projection

optic foramen projected into lower quadrant of orbit

what must we see in the rhese method?

rhese method

name the projection

MSP and IOML

what positioning lines are parallel in the lateral projections?

enters the zygomatic bone (halfway between outer canthus and EAM)

where does the CR enter for lateral facial bones?

all facial bones

what is visible in a lateral facial bone projection?

vomer and mandible

what are the only 2 facial bones that are not paired?

lateral facial bones

name the projection

enters the bridge of the nose (0.5” distal to nasion)

where does the CR enter for lateral nasal bones?

nasal bones (with soft tissue), frontonasal suture, anterior nasal spine

what structures are shown in a lateral nasal bone projection?

lateral nasal bones

name the projection

MSP and OML

what two positioning lines are perpendicular for a caldwell projection?

15° caudad

what is the tube angulation and in which direction for a caldwell?

lower 1/3 of orbits

where are the petrous portions located in a caldwell projection?

pa axial caldwell

name the projection

MSP and MML

what two positioning lines are perpendicular to the IR in the waters method?

tripod and la fort fractures

what fractures are demonstrated in a waters projection?

37°

what angulation does OML make with the IR in a waters method projection for facial bones?

exits acanthion

where does the CR exit in a waters projection for facial bones?

below floor of maxillary sinuses

where are the petrous portions located in a waters projection for facial bones?

parietoacanthial projection waters method

name the projection

shallow waters

modified waters for facial bones is also known as

less extension of the neck

what modification is made to a modified waters for facial bones?

55°

in a modified waters for facial bones projection, OML increases from 37° to what angle?

orbital floor

what is perpendicular to the IR and parallel to the CR in a modified waters projection for facial bones?

blowout fractures

the modified waters projection for facial bones demonstrates which fractures the best?

trauma view

why do we perform reverse waters?

enters acanthion

where does the CR enter for a reverse waters projection?

below the maxillary sinuses

where are the petrous portions located in a reverse waters projection?

midway through maxillary sinuses

where are the petrous portions located in a modified waters projection for facial bones?

parietoacanthial projection modified waters method for facial bones

name the projection

acanthioparietal projection reverse waters method

name the projection

vertex

in an smv projection, what part of the body touches the bucky?

IOML and IPL

what two positioning lines are parallel to the IR in a SMV projection?

perpendicular to IOML

how should the CR be placed for a SMV projection?

MSP @ level 1” posterior to outer canthus

for SMV and tangential projections of the zygomatic arch, where does the CR enter?

SMV projection for zygomatic arches

name the projection

15° away from side of interest

how much and in which direction should the head be tilted in a tangential projection of the zygomatic arches?

tangential projection of the zygomatic arches

name the projection

OML or IOML

what two positioning lines can be used in a modified towne projection if one is perpendicular?

enters glabella (1” above nasion) and MSP

where does the CR enter in a modified towne projection?

30° caudad

if OML is perpendicular, what is the tube angulation and in which direction for a modified towne projection?

37° caudad

if IOML is perpendicular, what is the tube angulation and in which direction, for a modified towne projection?

ap axial projection modified towne method for zygomatic arches

name the projection