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Iroquis
Also known as the Haudenosaunee, a group of American Indian peoples who lived in upstate New York and neighboring lands. They included the Cayuga, Cherokee, Huron, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscacora, who shared a language family and certain ways of life.
George Washington
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)
French and Indian War
war fought from 1754 to 1763 in which Britain and its colonies defeated France and its American Indian allies, gaining control of eastern North America
Edward Braddock
A British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, he was mortally wounded.
Pontiac's rebellion
uprising in 1763 by American Indians in the Great Lakes region
Proclimation of 1763
declaration by the British king ordering all colonists to remain east of the Appalachian Mountains
Benjamin Franklin
American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
Salutary Neglect
a British policy in the early 1700s that allowed the colonies virtual self-rule as long as Great Britain profited economically
Stamp Act
1765 law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay taxes on printed materials
John Adams
America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."
Patrick Henry
a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) "Give me liberty or give me death".
Sons of Liberty
organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Stamp Act and other British laws and taxes
Boston Massacre
incident on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston
Boston Tea Party
protest against British taxes in which Bostonian protestors dumped tea into the harbor on December 16, 1773
Intolerable Acts
American name for the Coercive Acts, which Parliament passed in 1774 to control the colonies
First Continental Congress
group of delegates representing all the American colonies, except Georgia, that met in 1774
Paul Revere
Boston silversmith who rode into the countryside to spread news of British troop movement.
Militia
trained citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency
Loyalists
colonists who remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War
Continental Army
army that represented the colonies during Revolutionary War
Thomas Paine
American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)
Republic
form of government in which officials are elected by the people
Declaration of Independence
document drawn up by the Second Continental Congress, and approved in 1776, that announced American independence and explained the reasons for it
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence
Natural Rights
universal rights, such as life and liberty, that derive from nature rather than from government, according to philosophers
William Howe
British Commanding General at the start of the American Revolution
Mercenary
professional soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army
Battle of Trenton
1776 Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey, won by the Continental Army
Charles Cornwallis
Commanding general of the British forces that were defeated at Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution.
Marquis de Lafayette
French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)
Valley Forge
location in Pennsylvania where General Washington's army spent a difficult winter in 1777-1778
Kings Mountain
a 1780 Revolutionary War battle in South Carolina in which Patriots defeated a Loyalist militia
Yorktown
site in Virginia where, in 1781, General Cornwallis's British forces surrendered to General Washington
Treaty of Paris
agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent contry
Manumission
the act of freeing someone from slavery