Jeopardy Exam #2 Review

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts and definitions from the lecture notes for Exam #2.

What are potential causes of muscular fatigue?

Metabolite accumulation that can lead to no excitation-contraction coupling.

What is a concentric contraction?

Movement in the body that results in the shortening of a muscle.

What are the protective/encapsulating membranes in muscle tissues?

Fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium and sarcolemma.

What is Progression?

This occurs after overload in a strength training program.

What are the characteristics of Type I muscle fiber?

HIGH number of mitochondria, HIGH resistance to fatigue, AEROBIC as the predominant energy system, LOW ATPase activity, LOW Vmax, HIGH efficiency, MODERATE specific tension.

What are factors that affect the fatigue process?

State of fitness, nutritional status, fiber type and intensity/duration of exercise.

What is Central Fatigue?

Reduction in motor units activated, reduction in motor unit firing frequency, decrease in CNS arousal.

What is the muscle tissue characteristic- irritability?

The ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a neural impulse.

What is the Epimysium?

The outermost layer (just below the fascia) that surrounds the muscle cell.

What is overload?

The training principle that is the most manipulated.

What are the three polarization phases of an action potential?

Depolarization, repolarization, and hyper-polarization.

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Control Internal environment, voluntary control of movement, involuntary movement, memory & learning.

What is the overload principle?

Pushing a system or tissue to a level beyond what it is accustomed to.

What is an action potential?

Occurs when a stimulus of sufficient strength depolarizes the cell.

What is the training principle – reversibility?

Fitness gains from exercising at an overload are quickly lost when training is stopped and the overload is removed.

What is Repolarization?

Potassium leaves the cell rapidly and sodium channels close.

What are troponin and tropomyosin?

Two regulatory proteins that control the binding of Ca++.

What are the 2 types of muscle fibers?

Type IIA or IIX and type I.

What is Muscle Fatigue?

A reduction in muscle power output that results from decreased muscle force generation and shortening velocity.

What is an eccentric contraction?

Muscle action that occurs when a muscle produces force and lengthens.

What are fast twitch muscle fibers and slow twitch or Type 1 fibers?

Power Athletes (e.g. sprinters) possess a large percentage of fast twitch muscle fibers and therefore a low percentage of slow twitch fibers.

What factors affect performance training?

Diet, environment, strength.

What are proprioceptors?

Sensors that provide information about the position of a limb in space.

What should every training session include?

Warm up, workout and cool down.

What are parts of a Neuron?

Cell Body, dendrites, and axon.

What are troponin and tropomyosin?

Located on the actin.

What is DOMS?

Edema and pain 24-48 hours post strenuous, novel or eccentric exercise.