excratory system (parts and purposes)

functions of excratory system

regulation of volume and composition of bodiy fluids by removing wastes or addng substances

excretion meaning

seperating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them (out of the body)

what does the respiratory system excrete

CO2

whtat dies skin excrete

water, salts, and traces of urea in perspiration

what does the digestive system excrete

water, salts, lipids, pigments (like bile)

what does the term “wastes” refer to

any substance that is produced in excess of the body’s needs. build-up wastes can be toxic and disturb homeostasis in the body

nitrogenous wastes

from the breakdown of proteins in the liver - especially toxic.

what are the nitrogenous wastes

ammonia - highly toxic

urea - moderately toxic

uric acid - not as toxic

what is 2

kidney

what is 3

renal pelvis

what is 4

ureter

what is 5

bladder

what is 7

adrenal gland

what is 8

renal artery and vein

what is 6

urethra

renal artery

connects kidney to the aorta and brings blood TO the kidney

renal vein

carries blood out of kidney and connects to the inferior vena cava

kidney purpose

remove waste in blood and produces urine

ureter

carries urine from kidney to bladder with peristalstic contractions.

urinary bladder

temporarily stores urine and has ruggae (folds that allow for expansion - like stomach)

urethra

carries urine from bladder to outside of the body - part of the reproductive system for male (sperm release)

urinary sphincters

2 sphincters:

innermost sphincter - involuntary controls (release after max capacity)

outermost sphincter - voluntary controls (learned from childhood)

renal artery

connects to aorta and carries blood to kidneys

renal vein

vein connecting infeior vena cava and kidney

kidney

removes wastes from blood and creates urine

ureter

tube that carries urine from kidneys to bladder and is controlled with peristalsis

urinary bladder

temporarily stores urine in bladder and alerts the brain when half full. Can expand with ruggae in the bladder (folds in the stomach which allow for expansion)

urethra

carries urine from bladder to out of he body. 4 cm for females, 20 cm for males. In males, there is a sphincter that separates the pathway vas deferens and the bladder

urinary sphinter

2 sphincters - involuntary and voluntary, voluntary learned with age, and involuntary for when the bladder reaches maximum capacity

where does urine collect in the kidney

renal pelvis

renal tissue is made of

outer section - renal cortex

inner section - renal mendulla

what are nephrons

nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. This is where all the filteration occurs

nephron components

1. filter - bowman’s capsule

2. tube - proximal and distal tubule and loop of henle

3. duct