DNTL 10: Nomenclature (Week 1 Oral Biology)

Maxillary Arch contain what teeth?

Upper teeth

Mandibular Arch contain what teeth?

Lower teeth

Palatal Surfaces

Roof of the mouth.

Lingual Surfaces

Tooth surfaces closest to the tongue. Lower arch, mandibular arch.

Primary (deciduous)

-Primary / deciduous Dentition, we are talking about the entire set of teeth, baby teeth.

-Primary dentitions are missing all 8 premolars and the 4 wisdom teeth!

- Incisors = 8

- Canines = 4

- Premolars = 0

- Molars = 8

TOTAL=20

Permanent (adult teeth)

- Incisors = 8

- Canines = 4

- Premolars = 8

- Molars = 12

TOTAL=32

Primary teeth development

at 6 week of embryological development. Generally speaking mandibular incisors come in first,

Primary Teeth Exfoliation

At 4-6 years old, When maxillary and mandibular central incisors will begin to fall out/exfoliate. When adult teeth get closer to the root of primary teeth, blast cells and clast-cells cause resorption of primary teeth and then primary teeth exfoliate.

Which are whiter primary or permanent teeth?

Primary teeth

Tooth Anatomy

crown, root, enamel, dentin, pulp, , cementum, root canal, periodontal membrane, Nerve and blood supply

Enamel

apparent part to patient, outside structure of tooth. Hardest structure in the human body, much more dense than bone.

Dentin

Largest by volume, underneath enamel

Pulp

is a soft tissue.

Contains: nerve, blood vessels and connective tissue that nourishes the tooth, form dentin and provides sensory feedback.

Cementum

coating on the root of the tooth. Do not remove cementum, remove calculus.

Periodontal membrane

• soft tissue that holds teeth in their sockets

• Referred as periodontal ligament (PDL)

Gingiva

Gums

Cervix (CEJ)

cementum enamel junction, where two structures come together.

Where the crown (covered in enamel) meets the root (covered in cementum)

Alveolar bone

• bone

• it is the specialized bony structure that forms the ridge of the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) where the teeth are housed and supported.

anatomic root

The portion covered by the cementum, the tissue that covers the root surface

Apical foreamen

The small opening located at the root apex (tip). Entry port for blood vessels.

Dentinoenamel Junction

boundary between dentin and enamel

Anatomic crown

fixed size. Entire part of the tooth covered by enamel.

Clinical Crown

It is anything you can see, clinical crown includes any portion of the tooth that is visible above the gumline.

MIDLINE

divides body into left and right. Oral cavity divided at the midline, equal left and right halves.

MESIAL

CLOSEST SURFACE TO THE MIDLINE

DISTAL

FURTHEST SURFACE AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

Facial (labial)

Canine to centrals or Canine to Canine. Teeth surfaces adjacent to the lips

Buccal

surfaces adjacent to buccal mucosa. Pre molars and molars

Palatal

surfaces on the inside surfaces of the teeth adjacent to the palate. Roof of mouth. Maxillary teeth.

Lingual

surfaces adjacent to the tongue. Teeth on the Mandibular arch.

Posterior teeth

Premolars and molars

- Occlusal surface ( on molars and pre-molars)

- Grinding

Anterior teeth

Canine through centrals

-Incisal edge: ( instead of occlusal)

- Incising

Proximal

Tooth surfaces adjacent to tooth surfaces.

Interproximal

spaces between proximal surfaces

Contact area

where two teeth are touching.

Height of contour

no more and no less of stating the width of the tooth. Identifying the widest part of the specific tooth, can be different on Mesial or Distal.

Embrasures

Are the OPEN spaces between teeth. They consist of occlusal embrasures, incisal embrasures, buccal embrasures, lingual embrasures, gingival embrasures

Root apex or apices

root of the tooth.

Lines angles

where two surfaces meet.

Point Angles

The point at which three surfaces meet

EX: Mesiolabioincisal, Mesdiolinguoincisal, DIstolabioincisal, Distolinguoincisal

Universal Numbering System (Permanent Teeth)

1------>16 maxillary arch

32<------17 mandibular arch

Palmer Method

Tooth numbering system commonly used in orthodontics

Universal tooth numbering designation system

Used in United States

Universal tooth designation system (Primary teeth)

A----> J (Maxillary arch)

T<---- K (Mandibular arch)

**All Pre-molars are missing and wisdom teeth

International Standards organization designation system (primary teeth)

Quad 5 |. Quad 61, 62, 63, 64, 64, 65

Quad 8 | Quad 7

*Primary teeth go up to 5

*They continue the quad numbering after permanent teeth quads.

International Standards organization designation system (Permanent teeth)

Quad 1 | Quad 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28

Quad 4 | Quad 3

*Permanent teeth extend to 8

Bottle rot

primary teeth are extremely rotting, decay.

Gingivitis

inflammation of gums

Peridontitist

is an oral health condition that causes sore, bleeding, swollen gums. Left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss, bone loss, bad breath .